Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Bio-applications of Some Oxygen and Sulphur Containing Seven Membered Heterocyclic Compounds
Sonali Garg1, Manvinder Kaur1, Dharambeer S. Malhi1, Harvinder S. Sohal1, *, Ajay Sharma1 1 Medicinal and Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Gharuan-140413, Mohali, Punjab, India
Abstract
Most of the heterocyclic compounds are pharmaceutically active and have numerous applications in various industries. Rigorous effects have been done and still going on in the search for more dynamic and advantageous compounds. Many researchers have focused their work on the synthesis of lower member heterocyclic compounds. However, not many efforts have been made for the higher membered compounds, though having equipotency. The aim of the current study is to collect and document the data available in the seven-membered heterocyclic compounds i.e. oxepin and thiepine compounds. The present study includes natural sources, drugs, synthetic methods, reactions, and biological activities of these compounds and their derivatives. Various seven-membered heterocyclic compounds have been synthesized via Friedel-craft Cyclization, Ullmann cross-coupling, Sonogashira coupling, and etc. However, biological potencies have still not been explored much by the researchers. This encouraged us to write this book chapter, as it has too much scope for future research.
Keywords: Anti-fungal, Bauhinia purpurea, Bauhinia variegata, Benzothiepine, Benzoxepin, C-O coupling, C-S coupling, Dibenzoxocinone, Dibenzoxepinone, Friedel-craft Cyclization, Intermolecular Cyclization, Intramolecular Cyclization, Juncus effuses, Michel Addition, Oxepine, Ptaeroxylin, Pterulinic acid, Sonogashira coupling, Thiepine, Ullmann cross-coupling.
* Corresponding author Harvinder S. Sohal: Medicinal and Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Gharuan-140413, Mohali, Punjab, India; E-mail: [email protected] INTRODUCTION TO O & S CONTAINING SEVEN MEMBER HETEROCYCLICS
Heterocyclic compounds are based on a variety of synthetic [1] and natural mole-
cules [2]. In certain cases, hetero(poly) cyclic rings of different sizes form the backbone of drugs [3], bioactive molecules, and even specialized materials. Heterocycles are of vast significance for industrial, biological, and for the well working of human beings. Heterocycles are there in numerous natural products as well as pharmaceutically active compounds [4-8]. During recent years, there has been an intense investigation of different classes of heterocycles. Industrial researchers worldwide have synthesized heterocyclic compounds under ordinary and exceptional conditions, because these reactions are reliably and economically effective. Several different techniques have been developed in the past for the synthesis of different heterocycles, and this advancement is still in ceaseless demand [9-11]. The construction of heterocycles is highly considerable in organic synthesis [12]. The chemistry of heterocyclic compounds in organic chemistry continues to be an important field because of their variety of applications. Considering the fact that most of the pharmaceutical and agrochemical items contain at least one heterocyclic ring, we can assuredly see the significance of heterocyclic compounds. Also, a number of natural products depend on heterocyclic units only as a portion of the biologically active compound, for example, vitamins, antibiotics, and hormones [13, 14]. Heterocyclic compounds have become immensely important in human life, especially since these compounds have been successfully tested against several diseases and therefore needed medicinal imports. Heterocyclic compounds are common in nature and necessary to live. They play a key role in every living cell's metabolism. Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur are essential building blocks used to construct different chemical compounds of immense biological or medical importance [15].
Medium-sized heterocyclic rings are the key in modern organic chemistry because of th...