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The Care of the Older Person
Jose Morais, Ronald Caplan, Olivier Beauchet
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eBook - ePub
The Care of the Older Person
Jose Morais, Ronald Caplan, Olivier Beauchet
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Society, as a whole is getting older. Thanks to the extraordinary advances in technology and medicine, humans are now living longer than ever before, and are shifting the demographic make-up on a worldwide scale. As a result, more and more of us are living and engaging with an aging population in both our personal and professional lives, and there’s a heightened demand for concrete research and advice for how to effectively provide care for this growing demographic. The Care of the Older Person brings together some of today’s most experienced researchers to provide concrete answers for care providers of all kinds— doctors, nurses, therapists, pharmacists, physical therapists— those who build, run, and staff the facilities and housing for all of the aging population, as well as spouses and children of elderly. Most importantly, this information is for seniors themselves, who want to feel empowered in their stage of life.
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GLOSSARY: MEDICAL TERMS AND THEIR MEANING
The Care of the Older Person
Medical and Scientific Terms and their Meanings:
- Chapter references refer to: The Care of the Older Person
- Page references refer to: Long Life: A Survival Strategy; Ronald M Caplan 2008 www.livinglonger.wordpress.com Click: Manuscript (ID: rcaplanmd) Password: source
- www.rcaplanmd.com: Bibliography
ACCOUNTABLE CARE ORGANIZATION (ACO): Medical provider organization that incentivizes cost and quality control, for example by reducing inpatient utilization and specialist referrals. Includes Medicare Shared Savings Program (MSSP), which sets a target cost of care for patients.
ACE INHIBITOR: Drug that inhibits the angiotensin-converting enzyme, stopping the formation of Angiotensin II which constricts blood vessels. Blood pressure is lowered, because blood vessels are opened up, and blood can flow more freely. P.75 http://www.medicinenet.com/ace_inhibitors/article.htm https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/guide/medicine-ace-inhibitors#1 https://www.bmj.com/content/363/bmj.k4209
ACETYLCHOLINE: A neurotransmitter. P.177, 382 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11143/
ACNE: Chronic skin condition characterized by seborrhea (oily secretion) and blocked follicles (comedomes) including blackheads and whiteheads that may become infected. P.391, 393 https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/10111/Acne-vulgaris/Key-Highlights
ACRYLAMIDE: Chemical that can form during high heat food preparation of high starch foods from the amino acid asparagine in combination with some sugars. Possible carcinogen in high doses. P.283 https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet/acrylamide-fact-sheet
ADDICTION: Physiologic compulsive need for a substance, use of that substance, inability to abstain, development of tolerance to it, and distinctive withdrawal symptoms and signs. See “Opioid”. P.9, 330 https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/index.html
ADHESION: Abnormal union of surfaces, or fibrous tissue bands between structures. P.250 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5295619/
ADOPTIVE CELL TRANSFER (ACT): Use of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) to overcome immunosuppressive signals and eradicate cancer cells. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/immunotherapy
ADVANCE DIRECTIVE: Legal document that ensures one’s wishes are followed in the event a person cannot make their own decisions. See: The Care of the Older Person: How do I protect my patient? : Randy S. Perskin https://ag.ny.gov/sites/default/files/advancedirectives.pdf
AGING: Gradual loss of physiological functions accompanied by increasing risk of mortality and decreasing fertility. See: The Care of the Older Person: Introduction: Jose Morais http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fgene.2016.00119/full https://www.nature.com/articles/s41551-017-0093?WT.mc_id=EMI_NBME_1707_JULYISSUE_PORTFOLIO&spMailingID=54556746&spUserID=MTc3MDI4ODk5NQS2&spJobID=1203835636&spReportId=MTIwMzgzNTYzNgS2 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2703112?utm_source=silverchair&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=article_alert-jama&utm_content=olf&utm_term=091718 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01614/full?utm_source=F-AAE&utm_medium=EMLF&utm_campaign=MRK_1046250_35_Immuno_20190718_arts_A
AGONIST: Exogenous substance that goes to a cell receptor and produces a response. P.180 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agonist
AIDS: Autoimmune Deficiency Syndrome: Sexually transmitted infection caused by Human Immunodeficiency Viruses HIV-1 and HIV-2 which compromise the immune system. P.XIII, XVI, 31, 261, 262, 263 https://www.aids.gov/ http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60164-1/fulltext https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2703112?utm_source=silverchair&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=article_alert-jama&utm_content=olf&utm_term=091718 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2678246?utmsource=silverchair&utmmedium=email&utmcampaign=articlealert-jama&utmcontent=
AKATHISIA: A movement disorder with restlessness that may be a drug side effect. See: The Care of the Older Person: Psycho oncology: Living with the Fear of Death: Norman Straker. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1123446/
ALBUMIN: Water soluble single chain protein synthesized in liver. Present in egg white and blood serum. http://albumin.org/properties-of-human-serum-albumin-and-albumin-atomic-coordinates/
ALDOSTERONE: Mineralocorticoid hormone from adrenal cortex. Increases blood pressure. Implication in alopecia. P.392 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldosterone
ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE: Immune protein enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphate groups, freeing inorganic phosphate. http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00897/full?utm_source=F-AAE&utm_medium=EMLF&utm_campaign=MRK_352999_35_Immuno_20170808_arts_A
ALLELE: One of the two forms of a gene, derived from either the mother or the father. Genes are carried on chromosomes. Chromosomes are paired, with one chromosome in each pair coming from the father, and one coming from the mother. http://mcat-review.org/genetics.php
ALLOGRAFT: Transplant from human donor to genetically nonidentical human recipient. P.252 http://ndt.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2013/04/25/ndt.gft087.full.pdf
ALOPECIA: Baldness P.391 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3149477/
ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE: AD. Common form of dementia. One characteristic is amyloid plaque deposition in the brain. P.173, 266, 298. See: The Care of the Older Person: Update On Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis and Management: Serge Gauthier: Doctor, My Wife Is Getting Forgetful: Serge Gauthier: Why Does My Patient Have Gait And Balance Disorders ? : Olivier Beauchet ; Incontinence In Older Adults: Samer Shamout, Lysanne Campeau http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laneur/article/PIIS1474-4422(16)00062-4/abstract http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24028956 http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v537/n7618/full/537036a.html?WT.feed_name=subjects_neuroscience http://www.jwatch.org/na42506/2016/10/06/new-biologic-treatment-dramatically-shrinks-plaques https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27025652 http://www.nature.com/neuro/multimedia/alzheimers/index.html?WT.mc_id=BAN_NN_1612_Alzheimers www.nature.com/neuro/multimedia/alzheimers/index.html?WT.mc_id=TOC_NN_1216_Alzheimers&spMailingID=54002625&spUserID=MTc2NTUxNjM5NAS2&spJobID=1160 https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00160 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-018-0101-9?utm_source=Springer_Nature_website&utm_medium=Website_links&utm_content=AngWan-SN-OD-Neuroscience-Global&utm_campaign=SNOR_USG_SFN18 https://www.alzheimersanddementia.com/article/S1552-5260(18)30068-2/fulltext?rss=yes https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6194148/ https://alzres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13195-018-0441-4 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-018-0311-4?WT.ec_id=NM-201901&sap-outbound-id=D7CBD8E437538AF66B20183215057C627E43F6DB https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2722842?guestAccessKey=94b79aa8-7c1d-45f8-9e0b-545a2484647a&utm_source=silverchair&utm_campaign=jama_network&utm_content=weekly_highlights&cmp=1&utm_medium=email https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-00879-3?WT.ec_id=NATURE-20190321&utm_source=nature_etoc&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=20190321&sap-outbound-id=01A2C014D0D47D9CED5 https://academic.oup.com/brain/advance-article/doi/10.1093/brain/awz099/5481202
AMINO ACIDS: The building blocks of protein. Some amino acids can be synthesized in the human body. Essential amino acids must be supplied in the diet, as they cannot be synthesized in the human body. P.38 http://www.biology.arizona.edu/biochemistry/problem_sets/aa/aa.html
AMNIOTIC FLUID: The fluid surrounding the developing fetus, contained in the amniotic sac. The thin amniotic membrane is closely applied to the inner walls of the uterus. P. VIII, 48 http://iaimjourna...