Evolution

The Origins and Mechanisms of Diversity

Jonathan Bard

• Verlag: CRC Press
• Jahr: 2021
• ISBN:
  9781000483246
• Auflage: 1
• Thema: Ciencias biológicas
• Thema: Historia natural

Evolution is the single unifying principle of biology and core to everything in the life sciences. More than a century of work by scientists from across the biological spectrum has produced a detailed history of life across the phyla and explained the mechanisms by which new species form.

This textbook covers both this history and the mechanisms of speciation; it also aims to provide students with the background needed to read the research literature on evolution. Students will therefore learn about cladistics, molecular phylogenies, the molecular-genetical basis of evolutionary change including the important role of protein networks, symbionts and holobionts, together with the core principles of developmental biology. The book also includes introductory appendices that provide background knowledge on, for example, the diversity of life today, fossils, the geology of Earth and the history of evolutionary thought.

Key Features

• Summarizes the origins of life and the evolution of the eukaryotic cell and of Urbilateria, the last common ancestor of invertebrates and vertebrates.
• Reviews the history of life across the phyla based on the fossil record and computational phylogenetics.
• Explains evo-devo and the generation of anatomical novelties.
• Illustrates the roles of small populations, genetic drift, mutation and selection in speciation.
• Documents human evolution using the fossil record and evidence of dispersal across the world leading to the emergence of modern humans.

Index

Note: Locators in italics may represent species, genes, books, or figures; bold indicates tables in the text.

1000 Genomes Project, 235, 241, 416

A

• Abiogenesis, 93
• Acadoparadoxides briareus, 154–155, 155
• Acanthodians, 179, 180, 181
• Acanthostega, 55, 186
• Achievements of evolutionary science, 382
• developmental biology, 382
• informatics, 382
• palaeontology, 382
• population genetics, 382
• Acropora cervicornis, 157
• Actinistia, 183
• Actinopterygii, 52, 84, 177, 180, 281
• Acyrthosiphon pisum, 280
• Adaptation, 270
• Biston betularia, morph change, 297
• camouflage, 271–273
• defensive, 223
• exaptation, 273
• increasing offspring numbers, 276
• mimicry, 230, 271–273, 272
• to new environment, 230
• niche construction, 273–274
• orchids, 275, 275
• parasites, 274
• plants, 275, 275–276
• reproductive, 275–276
• types, 271–276
• Afrotheria, 221–223, 226, 271
• Ageing, 361, 422–423
• rocks (geochronology), 422–423
• Agnathan, 175–176, 178–179, 179, 244
• Algae, 126
• brown algae (kelp), 126, 129
• defined, 126
• diversity, 126, 127
• early fossilised algae, 128, 128
• evolution of, 128–130
• fossil record, 128
• green algae, 15, 20,...