NOTES
PREFACE
1. (60) Charsianeites [B2], BMFD 4:1641 (my translation).
INTRODUCTION
1. For a summary of the contents of these rules, see John Thomas in BMFD, 1:21â32.
2. Haim Goldfus, âUrban Monasticism and Monasteries of Early Byzantine Palestine: Preliminary Observations,â ARAM Periodical 15 (2003): 71â79.
3. On the early phases of monasticism in Syria, see Sidney Griffith, âAsceticism in the Church of Syria: The Hermeneutics of Early Syrian Monasticism,â in Asceticism, ed. Vincent L. Wimbush and Richard Valantasis (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), 220â45, esp. 220â23 and 235â38.
4. Joseph Patrich, Sabas, Leader of Palestinian Monasticism: A Comparative Study in Eastern Monasticism, Fourth to Seventh Centuries (Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks, 1995).
5. Peter Hatlie, The Monks and Monasteries of Constantinople, ca. 350â850 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), 25â132.
6. Gilbert Dagron, âLes moines et la ville: Le monachisme Ă Constantinple jusquâau concile de ChalcĂ©doine (451),â Travaux et MĂ©moires 4 (1970): 253n125.
7. Aristeides Papadakis, âByzantine Monasticism Reconsidered,â Byzantinoslavica 47 (1986): 40 and n36.
8. See Klaus Belke, âHeilige Berge Bithyniens,â in Heilige Berge und WĂŒsten: Byzanz und sein Umfeld. Referate auf dem 21. Internationalen Kongress fĂŒr Byzantinistik. London, 21.â26. August 2006, ed. Peter Soustal (Vienna: Ăsterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2009), 15â24.
9. See Alice-Mary Talbot, âLes saintes montagnes Ă Byzance,â in Le sacrĂ© et son inscription dans lâespace Ă Byzance et en Occident, ed. Michel Kaplan (Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne, 2001), 263â75 (with earlier bibliography).
10. Janin, Grands centres, 43â50. There has been controversy as to Stephenâs death date. In opting for 765, I have followed Marie-France AuzĂ©pyâs dating in Vita of Stephen the Younger, 1.
11. Janin, Grands centres, 127â91. The term âMount Olymposâ also includes the plain at the foot of the mountain.
12. See Talbot, âLes saintes montagnes,â 265â66.
13. See Rule of Saint Benedict.
14. For such an assertion, see Johannes Quasten, Patrology (Westminster, MD: Newman Press, 1960), 3:213: âThe Basilians are the one great order of the Orient,â which is refuted by Cyril Mango, Byzantium: The Empire of New Rome (New York: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1980), 110, and by John Thomas in BMFD 1:22.
15. See BMFD 1:21â29.
16. As does John Thomas in BMFD 1:10, I am excluding from consideration here the more general monastic rules compiled by Pachomios and Basil of Caesarea in late antiquity.
17. (1) Apa Abraham and (2) Pantelleria Typikon, BMFD 1:51â66.
18. For English translation of the so-called Testament of Theodore, see BMFD 1:67â83. For the history of its composition, see the definitive article by Olivier Delouis, âLe Testament de ThĂ©odore Stoudite, est-il de ThĂ©odore?â Revue des Ă©tudes byzantines 66 (2008): 173â90, and Delouis, âLe Testament de ThĂ©odore Stoudite: Ădition critique et traduction,â Revue des Ă©tudes byzantines 67 (2009): 77â109.
19. (4) Stoudios Rule, BMFD 1:84â119.
20. BMFD 2:608.
21. For discussion of Athanasios of Athos, see chapter 1, section âSt. Athanasios of Athos and the Great Lavra.â
22. See ODB 3:1946â47, s.v. âstauropegion.â
23. John Thomas, Private Religious Foundations in the Byzantine Empire (Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks, 1987).
24. BMFD 1:49â50, 3:1093â1106.
25. For further details, see Peter Charanis, âThe Monk as an Element of Byzantine Society,â Dumbarton Oaks Papers 25 (1971): 69â73; and Alice-Mary Talbot, âA Comparison of the Monastic Experience of Byzantine Men and Women,â Greek Orthodox Theological Review 30 (1985): 19â20, table 2.
26. See Charanis, âThe Monk as an Element of Byzantine Society,â 63â66.
27. Anthony Bryer, âThe Late Byzantine Monastery in Town and Countryside,â Studies in Church History 16 (1979): 219. See also Talbot, âA Comparison of the Monastic Experience,â 18, table 1.
28. Janin, Eglises CP.
29. For a useful survey of the written sources for the early period of Byzantine monasticism, up to the tenth century, see Vincent DĂ©roche, âLa vie des moines: Les sources pour lâAsie Mineure et les Balkans, ca. 300â1000 apr. J.C.,â in La vie quotidienne des moines en Orient et en Occident, IVeâXe siĂšcle. I. LâĂ©tat des sources, ed. Olivier Delouis and Maria Mossakowska-Gaubert (Athens: Ăcole française dâAthĂšnes; Cairo: Institut français dâarchĂ©ologie orientale, 2015), 275â87.
30. A prime example is the liturgical typikon from the Evergetis Monastery in Constantinople; see The Synaxarion of the Monastery of the Theotokos Evergetis, ed. and trans. Robert H. Jordan, 3 vols. (Belfast: Belfast Byzantine Enterprises, the Institute of Byzantine Studies, the Queenâs University of Belfast, 2000â2007).
31. BMFD: http://www.doaks.org/resources/publications/books-in-print/byzantine-monastic-foundation-documents-a-complete.
32. (57) Bebaia Elpis, ch. 4â11, BMFD 4:1524â26; (58) Menoikeion, ch. 1, BMFD 4:1591â94.
33. See, for example, Robert Jordanâs masterful linguistic analysis of this typikon or hypotyposis, which strongly suggests that the preserved version by Timothy, the second founder of the monastery, was based on an earlier version by Paul, the original founder; see chapter 17 of the introduction, âA Pauline Hypotyposis?â and appendix 1, âThe Typikon of Paul Evergetinos: A Reconstruction,â in The Hypotyposis of the Monastery of the Theotokos Evergetis, Constantinople (11thâ12th Centuries), ed. Robert H. Jordan and Rosemary Morris (Farnham: Ashgate, 2012), 127â35, and 217â39.
34. This process is facilitated for users of BMFD, which sets passages from earlier typika in bold font.
35. For discussion of the use of hagiography as a source for social and economic history, see Michel Kaplan and Eleonora Kountoura-Galake, âEconomy and Society in Byzantine Hagiography: Realia and Methodological Questions,â in The Ashgate Research Companion to Byzantine Hagiography (Farnham: Ashgate, 2014), 2:389â418.
36. See Thomas Pratsch, Der hagiographische Topos: Griechische Heiligenviten in mittelbyzantinischer Zeit (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2005).
37. See Denis Sullivan, âThe Versions of the Vita Niconis,â Dumbarton Oaks Papers 32 (1978): 159â73; and Vita of Nikon, 7â18.
38. Alice-Mary Talbot, âFact and Fiction i...