eBook - ePub
Bubbles, Drops, and Particles
R. Clift, J. R. Grace, M. E. Weber
This is a test
Partager le livre
- 400 pages
- English
- ePUB (adapté aux mobiles)
- Disponible sur iOS et Android
eBook - ePub
Bubbles, Drops, and Particles
R. Clift, J. R. Grace, M. E. Weber
DĂ©tails du livre
Aperçu du livre
Table des matiĂšres
Citations
Ă propos de ce livre
This volume offers a critical review of the literature concerning the fluid dynamics, heat transfer, and mass transfer of single bubbles, drops, and particles. Upper-level undergraduates and graduate students, as well as professionals in the fields of engineering, physics, chemistry, geophysics, and applied mathematics, will find it a unified treatment of solid particles, liquid drops, and gas bubbles.
Starting with a summary of the fundamental principles and equations governing the behavior of bubbles, drops, and solid particles in Newtonian fluids, the text proceeds to a survey of the parameters used to characterize the shape of rigid particles, and of the factors that determine the shape of bubbles and drops. Succeeding chapters examine the behavior of solid and fluid particles under steady incompressible flow in an extended external phase. The text concludes with an exploration of effects that complicate the relatively simple case of a particle moving steadily through an unbounded fluid.
Starting with a summary of the fundamental principles and equations governing the behavior of bubbles, drops, and solid particles in Newtonian fluids, the text proceeds to a survey of the parameters used to characterize the shape of rigid particles, and of the factors that determine the shape of bubbles and drops. Succeeding chapters examine the behavior of solid and fluid particles under steady incompressible flow in an extended external phase. The text concludes with an exploration of effects that complicate the relatively simple case of a particle moving steadily through an unbounded fluid.
Foire aux questions
Comment puis-je résilier mon abonnement ?
Il vous suffit de vous rendre dans la section compte dans paramĂštres et de cliquer sur « RĂ©silier lâabonnement ». Câest aussi simple que cela ! Une fois que vous aurez rĂ©siliĂ© votre abonnement, il restera actif pour le reste de la pĂ©riode pour laquelle vous avez payĂ©. DĂ©couvrez-en plus ici.
Puis-je / comment puis-je télécharger des livres ?
Pour le moment, tous nos livres en format ePub adaptĂ©s aux mobiles peuvent ĂȘtre tĂ©lĂ©chargĂ©s via lâapplication. La plupart de nos PDF sont Ă©galement disponibles en tĂ©lĂ©chargement et les autres seront tĂ©lĂ©chargeables trĂšs prochainement. DĂ©couvrez-en plus ici.
Quelle est la différence entre les formules tarifaires ?
Les deux abonnements vous donnent un accĂšs complet Ă la bibliothĂšque et Ă toutes les fonctionnalitĂ©s de Perlego. Les seules diffĂ©rences sont les tarifs ainsi que la pĂ©riode dâabonnement : avec lâabonnement annuel, vous Ă©conomiserez environ 30 % par rapport Ă 12 mois dâabonnement mensuel.
Quâest-ce que Perlego ?
Nous sommes un service dâabonnement Ă des ouvrages universitaires en ligne, oĂč vous pouvez accĂ©der Ă toute une bibliothĂšque pour un prix infĂ©rieur Ă celui dâun seul livre par mois. Avec plus dâun million de livres sur plus de 1 000 sujets, nous avons ce quâil vous faut ! DĂ©couvrez-en plus ici.
Prenez-vous en charge la synthÚse vocale ?
Recherchez le symbole Ăcouter sur votre prochain livre pour voir si vous pouvez lâĂ©couter. Lâoutil Ăcouter lit le texte Ă haute voix pour vous, en surlignant le passage qui est en cours de lecture. Vous pouvez le mettre sur pause, lâaccĂ©lĂ©rer ou le ralentir. DĂ©couvrez-en plus ici.
Est-ce que Bubbles, Drops, and Particles est un PDF/ePUB en ligne ?
Oui, vous pouvez accĂ©der Ă Bubbles, Drops, and Particles par R. Clift, J. R. Grace, M. E. Weber en format PDF et/ou ePUB ainsi quâĂ dâautres livres populaires dans Technology & Engineering et Applied Sciences. Nous disposons de plus dâun million dâouvrages Ă dĂ©couvrir dans notre catalogue.
Informations
Sous-sujet
Applied SciencesChapter 1
Basic Principles
I. INTRODUCTION AND TERMINOLOGY
Bubbles, drops, and particles are ubiquitous. They are of fundamental importance in many natural physical processes and in a host of industrial and man-related activities. Rainfall, air pollution, boiling, flotation, fermentation, liquid-liquid extraction, and spray drying are only a few of the phenomena and operations in which particles play a primary role. Meteorologists and geophysicists study the behavior of raindrops and hailstones, and of solid particles transported by rivers. Applied mathematicians and applied physicists have long been concerned with fundamental aspects of fluid-particle interactions. Chemical and metallurgical engineers rely on bubbles and drops for such operations as distillation, absorption, flotation, and spray drying, while using solid particles as catalysts or chemical reactants. Mechanical engineers have studied droplet behavior in connection with combustion operations, and bubbles in electromachining and boiling. In all these phenomena and processes, there is relative motion between bubbles, drops, or particles on the one hand, and surrounding fluid on the other. In many cases, transfer of mass and/or heat is also of importance. Interactions between particles and fluids form the subject of this book.
Before turning to the principles involved, the reader should be aware of certain terminology which is basic to understanding the material presented in later chapters. Science is full of words which have very different connotations in the jargon of different disciplines. The present book is about particles and the term particle needs to be defined carefully within our context, to distinguish it from the way in which the nuclear physicist, for example, might use the word. For our purposes a âparticleâ is a self-contained body with maximum dimension between about 0.5 ”m and 10 cm, separated from the surrounding medium by a recognizable interface. The material forming the particle will be termed the âdispersed phase.â We refer to particles whose dispersed phases are composed of solid matter as âsolid particles.â If the dispersed phase is in the liquid state, the particle is called a âdrop.â The term âdropletâ is often used to refer to small drops. The dispersed phase liquid is taken to be Newtonian. If the dispersed phase is a gas, the particle is referred to as a bubble. Together, drops and bubbles comprise âfluid particles.â Following common usage, we use âcontinuous phaseâ to refer to the medium surrounding the particles. In this book we consider only cases in which the continuous phase is a Newtonian fluid (liquid or gas). In subsequent chapters we distinguish properties of the dispersed (or particle) phase by a subscript Ï from properties of the continuous phase which are unsubscripted. Occasionally the dispersed and continuous phases are referred to as the âinnerâ and âouterâ phases, respectively.
Another distinction we use throughout the book is between rigid, non-circulating, and circulating particles. âRigid particles,â comprising most solid particles, can withstand large normal and shearing stresses without appreciable deformation or flow. âNoncirculating fluid particlesâ are those in which there is no internal motion relative to a coordinate system fixed to the particle. âCirculating particlesâ contain fluid which has motion of its own relative to any fixed coordinate system. We consider only cases in which the dispersed phase is continuous. Hence the scale of the particle must be large compared to the scale of molecular processes in the dispersed phase.
In this book we consider as particles only those bodies which are biologically inert and which are not self-propelling. To give some specific examples, raindrops, hailstones, river-borne gravel, and pockets of gas formed by cavitation or electrolysis are all considered to be particles. However, insects and microorganisms are excluded by their life, weather balloons and neutrons by their size, homogeneous vortices by the lack of a clearly defined interface, and rockets and airplanes by their self-propelling nature and size. Our attention is concentrated on particles which are free to move through the continuous phase under the action of some body force such as gravity. Thus heat exchanger tubes, for example, are not consideredânot only because of their size but also because they are fixed in position. Some elements of our definitions are of necessity arbitrary. For example, a golf ball satisfies our definition of a particle while a football does not. In most cases, there is little ambiguity, however, so long as these general guidelines regarding terminology are borne in mind.
Other terms which can be defined quantitatively are introduced in the following sections. Some other terms, such as âturbulence,â âviscosity,â and âdiffusivityâ are used without definition. For a full explanation of these terms, we refer the reader to standard texts in fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and mass transfer.
II. THEORETICAL BASIS
The fundamental physical laws governing motion of and transfer to particles immersed in fluids a...