Microbial Biofilms

Omics Biology, Antimicrobials and Clinical Implications

Chaminda Jayampath Seneviratne, Chaminda Jayampath Seneviratne

• Éditeur: CRC Press
• Année: 2017
• ISBN:
  9781351646420
• Édition: 1
• Sujet: Medicina
• Sous-sujet: Salute e chirurgia orale

Microbial Biofilms: Omics Biology, Antimicrobials and Clinical Implications is a comprehensive survey of microbial biofilms and their role in human health and disease with contributions from world renowned experts in molecular microbiology, proteomics, genomics, metabolomics and infectious diseases. The book is intended to serve as a guide for students, as well as a reference for researchers, clinicians and industry professionals. The chapters cover bacterial and fungal microbiomes, and the latest omics techniques organized in a clear and up-to-date manner. One of the highlights of this book is the comprehensive information on "omics of microbial biofilms". The chapters dedicated to metagenomics, proteomics and metabolomics are designed to provide a simple and holistic review of the current knowledge and, the applications of these techniques in the field of microbial biofilms. In addition to introductory chapters on microbial biofilms and their clinical implications, subsequent chapters delve into oral biofilms, their composition, and metagenomic diversity. Thereafter, mechanisms of drug resistance in microbial biofilms are reviewed, as well as the proteomic and metabolomic characterization of this resistance. The book includes a comprehensive discussion of persister cells and host–microbial interactions on mucosal surfaces. Finally, the book concludes with a summary of novel therapeutic approaches for biofilms such as synbiotics and biogenics.

1Microbial BiofilmsAn Introduction to Their Development, Properties and Clinical Implications

Chaminda Jayampath Seneviratne, Neha Srivastava, Intekhab Islam, Kelvin Foong and Finbarr Allen

Historical Perspectives

Stages of Biofilm Development

Early Adhesion Phase

Irreversible Adhesion to the Surface

Microcolony Formation and Early Development Stages of Biofilms

Biofilm Maturation

Biofilm Dispersal

Mixed-Species Biofilms

Properties of Microbial Biofilms

Clinical Implications of Microbial Biofilms

Medical Device–Associated Biofilm Infections

Catheter-Associated Biofilm Infections

Surgical Implant–Associated Biofilm Infections

Other Medical Device–Associated Biofilm Infection

Biofilms in Hospital Water Systems

Tissue-Associated Biofilm Infections

Biofilms Associated with CF Lung Infections

Wound Infections

Oral Biofilm Infections

Biofilm Infections of the Gastrointestinal Tract

Biofilm Infections in the Vagina

Prostate Infections

Nail Infections

Conclusions and Perspectives

Corresponding Author

References

My work, which I’ve done for a long time, was not pursued in order to gain the praise I now enjoy, but chiefly from a craving after knowledge, which I notice resides in me more than in most other men.

And therewithal, whenever I found out anything remarkable, I have thought it my duty to put down my discovery on paper, so that all ingenious people might be informed thereof.

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723), Letter of 12th June 1716

Historical Perspectives

The existence of microorganisms – living beings invisible to the naked eye – had always been an intriguing concept in the history of mankind, popular among both religious and scientific communities. Jain scriptures described submicroscopic creatures living in clusters which are present universally. Similarly, certain factions of the scientific community held the view that epidemic diseases such as tuberculosis are caused by the transfer of seed-like materials. However, most of these reports were insubstantial as they were based either on suppositions or indirect observations. The first solid proof for the existence of microorganisms came in 1663 from the work of the Dutch scientist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, who is regarded as the father of microbiology. Van Leeuwenhoek developed a series of lenses through which he was able to observe the presence of microorganisms [1]. Dental plaque was one of the first specimens he observed under the microscope, where he found the presence of ‘animalcules’ [i.e. bacteria] in the ‘white little matter’ between his teeth, which he described as ‘a living of animalcules swimming nimbly than any I have ever seen…the biggest short bending their body into curves in going forward’ in his correspondence to the Royal Society of London.

Van Leeuwenhoek’s microscopic observations paved the foundation for modern microbiology. He performed a number of studies on dental plaque and was the first to observe the resistance phenomena of microorganisms in biofilms. On the basis of these experiments, he reported that the treatment of dental plaque by gargling with vinegar was able to kill only those ‘little animals’ present on the outside of the plaque and could not penetrate the inside of the plaque. These and several other of van Leeuwenhoek’s studies raised the possibility that ‘there are more little animals living on the teeth than men in a whole kingdom’ as well as the community existence of mi...