Molecular Nutrition
Vitamins
Vinood B. Patel, Vinood B. Patel
- 792 pages
- English
- ePUB (adapté aux mobiles)
- Disponible sur iOS et Android
Molecular Nutrition
Vitamins
Vinood B. Patel, Vinood B. Patel
Ă propos de ce livre
Molecular Nutrition: Vitamins presents the nutritional and molecular aspects of vitamins with a specific focus on vitamins A, B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B# (niacin), B5 (pantothenic acid), B6, (pyridoxine), B7 (biotin), B9 (folate), B12 (colbamin), C, D, E, and K. As part of the Molecular Nutrition series, this book discusses introductory aspects and general coverage of vitamins and nutrition, the molecular biology of the cell, including signaling, transporters, oxidative stress, receptors, uptake, immunity, proliferation, endoplasmic reticulum, differentiation, carcinogenesis and apoptosis. Final sections cover genetic machinery and its function, transcriptional processes, homeostasis genes, cancer, gene expression, mutations, and more.
Emerging fields of molecular biology and important discoveries related to diet and nutritional health are also covered, rounding out the book.
- Summarizes molecular nutrition in health as related to vitamins
- Includes material on signaling, transporters, oxidative stress, receptors, uptake, immunity, proliferation, endoplasmic reticulum, differentiation, carcinogenesis and apoptosis
- Presents transcriptional processes, homeostasis genes, cancer, gene expression, mutations, the sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter, p53, p21, microRNAs, one carbon metabolism, nucleic acids, DNA methylation and polymorphisms
- Addresses emerging fields of molecular biology and presents important discoveries related to diet and nutritional health
- Covers Vitamins A, B, C, D, E, and K
- Discusses their impact on health relating to cancer, diabetes, arthritis, and aging
- Includes key facts, a mini dictionary of terms, and summary points
Foire aux questions
Informations
Reference dietary requirements of vitamins in different stages of life
Abstract
Keywords
Key facts of vitamins
- âą Vitamins are organic compounds and usually present naturally in food items in very small amounts.
- âą Each vitamin has highly specific roles in normal physiological functions and metabolism including growth, development, and maintenance.
- âą Humans require minute amounts of vitamins to meet physiological needs but are unable to endogenously synthesize adequate amounts. Therefore it is essential to obtain vitamins from food items.
- âą A severe and prolonged insufficient dietary intake of specific vitamins can cause specific deficiency syndromes. For example, beriberi is a disorder caused by thiamin (vitamin B1) deficiency. Symptoms of beriberi include peripheral neuropathy, muscle pain, and weakness.
- âą Vitamins are commonly classified under the umbrella of âmicronutrientsâ in contrast to âmacronutrientsâ (i.e., carbohydrate, protein, and fat).
Summary points
- âą Currently 13 substances are recognized as vitamins. They can be categorized into two groups according to their solubilities, namely fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins.
- âą Fat-soluble vitamins are vitamins A, D, E, and K. Water-soluble vitamins are thiamin (vitamin B1), riboflavin (vitamin B2), niacin (vitamin B3), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin B12 (cobalamin), folate (vitamin B9), vitamin C, pantothenic acid, and biotin.
- âą For each vitamin, reference dietary requirements have been derived, though the amounts and age categories vary differ between countries.
- âą Differences in dietary and nutrient patterns in different populations, even within the same country, influence overall vitamin intake and thus determine whether reference dietary requirements are met.
- âą There are various challenges between different age groups for meeting vitamin B12 reference dietary requirements. On the other hand, it is less challenging to meet vitamin K reference dietary requirements across different populations.
Definitions of words and terms
- âą Micronutrient: A chemical element required in very small amounts in living organisms to maintain normal physiological functions. It is often used in contrast to macronutrients (i.e., dietary carbohydrates, proteins, and fats).
- âą Endogenously synthesized: Substances that are produced or synthesized within an organism rather than provided by nutrition.
- âą Metabolic activation: The chemical reac...