Make Good the Promises
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Make Good the Promises

Reclaiming Reconstruction and Its Legacies

Kinshasha Holman Conwill,Paul Gardullo

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eBook - ePub

Make Good the Promises

Reclaiming Reconstruction and Its Legacies

Kinshasha Holman Conwill,Paul Gardullo

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À propos de ce livre

The companion volume to the Smithsonian's National Museum of African American History and Culture exhibit, opening in September 2021

With a Foreword by Pulitzer Prize-winning author and historian Eric Foner and a preface by veteran museum director and historian Spencer Crew

An incisive and illuminating analysis of the enduring legacy of the post-Civil War period known as Reconstruction—a comprehensive story of Black Americans' struggle for human rights and dignity and the failure of the nation to fulfill its promises of freedom, citizenship, and justice.

In the aftermath of the Civil War, millions of free and newly freed African Americans were determined to define themselves as equal citizens in a country without slavery—to own land, build secure families, and educate themselves and their children. Seeking to secure safety and justice, they successfully campaigned for civil and political rights, including the right to vote. Across an expanding America, Black politicians were elected to all levels of government, from city halls to state capitals to Washington, DC.

But those gains were short-lived. By the mid-1870s, the federal government stopped enforcing civil rights laws, allowing white supremacists to use suppression and violence to regain power in the Southern states. Black men, women, and children suffered racial terror, segregation, and discrimination that confined them to second-class citizenship, a system known as Jim Crow that endured for decades.

More than a century has passed sincethe revolutionary political, social, and economic movement known asReconstruction, yet its profound consequences reverberate in our lives today. Make Good the Promises explores five distinct yet intertwined legacies of Reconstruction—Liberation, Violence, Repair, Place, and Belief—to reveal their lasting impact on modern society. It is the story of Frederick Douglass, Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, Hiram Revels, Ida B. Wells, and scores of other Black men and women who reshaped a nation—and of the persistence of white supremacy and the perpetuation of the injustices of slavery continued by other means and codified in state and federal laws.

With contributions by leading scholars, and illustrated with 80 images from the exhibition, Make Good the Promises shows how Black Lives Matter, #SayHerName, antiracism, and other current movements for repair find inspiration from the lessons of Reconstruction. It touches on questions critical then and now: What is the meaning of freedom and equality? What does it mean to be an American? Powerful and eye-opening, it is a reminder that history is far from past; it lives within each of us and shapes our world and who we are.

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Informations

Éditeur
Amistad
Année
2021
ISBN
9780063160668
Sujet
Storia
Sous-sujet
Storia sociale

Index

A specific form of pagination for this digital edition has been developed to match the print edition from which the index was created. If the application you are reading this on supports this feature, the page references noted in this index should align. At this time, however, not all digital devices support this functionality. Therefore, we encourage you to please use your device’s search capabilities to locate a specific entry.
Page numbers followed by ƒ refer to figures and captions.
A
Abbeville, Alabama, 107
Aberdeen, Mississippi, 120
“Address to the Nations of the World” (Du Bois), 28
African American Policy Forum, 110
African Methodist Episcopal Church, 192
Alabama, 57, 182; Black codes in, 52; education in, 72; readmission to US, 73; secession of, 38; voting restrictions, 77
Alabama Memorial Preservation Act, 182
Alabama Penny Savings and Loan Company, Birmingham, Alabama, 76
Alexandria, Virginia, 53
American Dilemma, An (Myrdal), 10
American Dream, 140, 149, 153
American Historical Review, 186
American Missionary Association, 70, 192
American Tract Society, 190f
American West, 28, 140
AME Zion congregations, 71
Amnesty Act, 74
Anderson, Tanisha, 110
Andrews Chapel, New Bern, North Carolina, 71
Angola, Louisiana State Penitentiary, 31
Anthony, Susan B., 96, 104
anti-Blackness, 90
anti-lynching campaigns, 19
anti-lynching laws, 127
Anti-Peonage Act of 1867, 63
Appomattox Court House, Virginia, 40, 71
Arbery, Ahmaud, 175
Arkansas, 57; Black codes in, 52; readmission to US, 73; secession of, 38; voting restrictions, 77
Arlington National Cemetery, 30
Army of Northern Virginia, 40
Arthur, Chester A., 76
Article 13 (Joint Resolution No. 80), 39–40
Article of War of 1862, 43–44, 46
Asheville, North Carolina, 146–47
Association for the Study of Negro Life and History, 192–93
Atlanta, Georgia, 27
Atlanta City Council, 73
“Atlanta Compromise” speech (Booker T. Washington), 77
Atlanta Riot, 126
Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia, 192
Atlantic, The, 178
Azor (Liberian ship), 75
B
Bailey, William, 163
Bailey family, 160
Baltimore, Maryland, 31; Fifteenth Amendment parade, 59, 60–61f
Barbados, 158
Barbour County, Alabama, 74
Barnwell, Hagar, 53
Beaufort, South Carolina, 43f, 163
Before the Mayflower (Bennett), 193
Belle Ville, Georgia, 65
Belser, Carroll, 156, 170, 171
Bench by the Road Project, 150
benevolent organizations, 63
Bennett, Lerone, Jr., 193
Berlin, Germany, 34f
Berlin, Ira, 115
Berry, John, 53
Birth of a Nation, The (Griffith), 30, 179, 181, 185
Black Baptists, 72
Black church, 17, 72, 91f, 192; establishment of, 13; as target of racial terror, 130f
Black codes, 41–42, 51–52, 55, 71; condemnation of, 54; eliminated in Iowa, 58; responses to, 57
Black History Month, 192, 193f
Black Lives Matter, 19, 85, 129, 175, 176, 195; demonstrations, 33f, 34f
Black National Convention (2020), 149
Black Panther Party, 128
Black Reconstruction in America: Toward a History of the Part Which Black Folk Played in the Attempt to Reconstruct Democracy in America, 1860–1880 (Du Bois), 16, 28, 125, 186, 195
Bland, Sandra, 110
Boley, Oklahoma, 141f
Bombardment of Fort Sumter by the Batteries of the Confederate States, April 13, 1861, 40f
border states, 39, 44, 56
Boston, Massachusetts, 185
Bouchet, Edward Alexander, 75
boycotts, 107, 188, 195
Brazil, 23
Brentsville, Virginia, 53
Brown, Elsa Barkley, 93, 97–98
Brown, Mary, 135
Brown, Michael, 31, 209f
Brown, Michael, Sr., 209f
Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 145
Brown v. Board of Education, 69, 81
Bruce, Blanche Kelso, 70f, 74
Buffalo Soldiers, 72
Bumpurs, Eleanor, 110
Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands (Freedmen’s Bureau), 2f, 52–54, 65, 66, 71, 72, 120, 138, 138f, 164, 165; discontinuation of, 73, 74; schools and, 190, 191f, 195
Burroughs, Nannie Helen, 193
“Bury Me in a Free Land” (Harper), 21
Butler, Benjamin, 70
C
Califor...

Table des matiĂšres