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Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging for Physicists
Instrumentation and Imaging Procedures, Volume I
Michael Ljungberg, Michael Ljungberg
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Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging for Physicists
Instrumentation and Imaging Procedures, Volume I
Michael Ljungberg, Michael Ljungberg
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Ă propos de ce livre
This state-of-the-art handbook, the first in a series that provides medical physicists with a comprehensive overview into the field of nuclear medicine, is dedicated to instrumentation and imaging procedures in nuclear medicine. It provides a thorough treatment on the cutting-edge technologies being used within the field, in addition to touching upon the history of their use, their development, and looking ahead to future prospects.
This text will be an invaluable resource for libraries, institutions, and clinical and academic medical physicists searching for a complete account of what defines nuclear medicine.
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- The most comprehensive reference available providing a state-of-the-art overview of the field of nuclear medicine
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- Edited by a leader in the field, with contributions from a team of experienced medical physicists
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- Includes the latest practical research in the field, in addition to explaining fundamental theory and the field's history
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Informations
1 The History of Nuclear Medicine
Bo-Anders Jönsson
DOI: 10.1201/9780429489556-1
CONTENTS
- 1.11890â1930: The Random Discoveries and Systematic Research
- 1.21930â1950: Discovery, Production, and Development of Radionuclides
- 1.31950â1970: First Imaging Apparatus and Radiopharmaceuticals
- 1.41970â1990: Tomographic Techniques, Radioimmunology, and Dosimetry
- 1.51990â2010: Improved Imaging by Multi-Modality Systems and Novel Molecular Imaging
- References
This chapter provides a historic overview, primarily in chronological order, of those milestones and pioneerâs research which have been relevant and important for the development of nuclear medicine and todayâs status. The content is not comprehensive, and a full review is beyond the purpose of this chapter. More detailed reviews are available elsewhere [1â9] as well as articles referred to therein.
1.1 1890â1930: THE RANDOM DISCOVERIES AND SYSTEMATIC RESEARCH
Although the discovery of X-rays on 8 November 1895 by Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (1845â1923) is not directly associated with nuclear medicine, it is truly the starting point for using radiation in medicine. Both diagnostic and therapeutic use in medicine of the unknown radiation were applied shortly after the discovery. The first public radiographic exposure was demonstrated by Röntgen at a meeting of the WĂŒrzburg Physical Medical Society on January 23, 1896 [10, 11].
A few months later, another unknown type of radiation was discovered. On 26 March 1896, Antoine Henri Becquerel (1852â1908] accidentally discovered an unknown phenomenon when examining fluorescence from uranium salts. With the encouragement of his friend, Henri PoincarĂ©, Becquerel attempted to determine if the rays were of the same nature as Röntgenâs X-rays; however, he observed that the emitted radiation from the uranium penetrated black paper and blackened a photographic plate without having to be exposed to light in advance [1, 2]. This unknown radiation was first termed as âBecquerel raysâ, but its origin was established later by Paul Villard (1860â1934) in 1900 while he was studying radium salts. Villardâs radiation was named gamma rays in 1903 by Ernest Rutherford (1871â1937).
Marie Sklodowska Curie (1867â1934) and her husband Pierre Curie (1859â1906) discovered the same type of penetrating radiation from uranium and named the phenomenon radioactivity in 1897. Furthermore, the Curie couple discovered the elements polonium (Z=84) and radium (Z=88), where 226Ra for many years became a frequently used âpanaceaâ for various ailments, both in vivo and in vitro. Almost directly after these incredible discoveries, radiation from different constructed X-ray tubes and the gamma radiation from 226Ra were used for various medical applications as well as for enjoyment for some decades. In medicine, radium sources were used for brachytherapy or teletherapy for almost the entire twentieth century. Röntgen was awarded the first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901, while Becquerel and the Curie couple were the Nobel Laureates in Physics in 1903 (Figure 1.1). Other Nobel Laureates with special relevance to nuclear medicine are listed in Table 1.1.
Year | Laureate | Motivationa | ||
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1901 | Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen | âin recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after himâ | ||
1903 | Antoine Henri Becquerel | âin recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivityâ | ||
1903 | Pierre Curie and Marie Curie, neĂ© Sklodowska | âin recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerelâ | ||
1906 | Joseph John Thomson | âin recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gasesâ | ||
1908 | Ernest Rutherford | âfor his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substancesâ | ||
1911 | Marie Curie, neĂ© Sklodowska | âin recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable elementâ | ||
1921 | Albert Einstein | âfor his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effectâ | ||
1921 | Frederick Soddy | âfor his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances, and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopesâ | ||
1927 | Arthur Holly Compton | âfor his discovery of the effect named after himâ | ||
1933 | Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac | âfor the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theoryâ | ||
1935 | James Chadwick | âfor the discovery of the neutronâ | ||
1935 | Frederic Joliot and Irene Joliot-Curie | âin recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elementsâ | ||
1936 | Carl David Anderson | âfor his discovery of the positronâ | ||
1937 | Clinton Joseph Davisson and George Paget Thomson | âfor their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystalsâ | ||
1938 | Enrico Fermi | âfor his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutronsâ | ||
1939 | Ernest Orlando Lawrence | âfor the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it, especially with regard to artificial radioactive elementsâ | ||
1943 | George de Hevesy | âfor his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processesâ | ||
1944 | Otto Hahn | âfor his discovery of the fission of heavy nucleiâ | ||
1948 | Patrick Blackett | âfor his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method, and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiationâ. | ||
1951 | Sir John Douglas Cockcroft and Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton | âfor their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particlesâ | ||
1951 | Edwin Mattison, McMillan and Glenn Theodore Seaborg | âfor their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elementsâ | ||
1977 | Rosalyn... |