Les régions slovènes entre XVIIIe et XIXe siècles : plurilinguisme et transferts culturels à la frontière entre empire Habsbourg et Venise

François, Patrizia Bouchard, Farinelli

• Éditeur: Éditions Le Manuscrit
• Année: 2019
• Imprimer l'ISBN: 9782304047202
• ISBN de l'eBook: 9782304047219
• Sujet: Histoire
• Sujet: Théorie et critique de l'histoire

Ce volume rassemble les essais de chercheurs slovènes, français et italiens autour des transferts culturels à l'œuvre aux XVIIIe et XIXe siècles entre, d'une part, les régions de l'empire des Habsbourg confinant avec la république de Venise – notamment la Carniole – et, de l'autre, les aires linguistiques italienne et française.Ces travaux sondent l'histoire de ces échanges sur une période qui excède les quatre années d'existence des Provinces illyriennes, entre 1809 et 1813, sur lesquelles tend à se concentrer l'historiographie française, faisant trop rapidement litière de la complexité d'une situation qu'une vision diachronique est plus à même de restituer. Ils s'attachent autant aux personnes (individus ou réseaux) qu'aux institutions qui ont servi d'intermédiaire dans le cadre d'un tel processus (sociétés agricoles ou savantes, bibliothèques, académies et cénacles)."De manière générale, les ouvrages sur les relations culturelles entre les territoires slovènes et les autres pays européens sont peu nombreux et publiés exclusivement en slovène. Le présent volume permet à un public plus large d'aborder ce domaine des études interculturelles sous des angles variés, au travers de contributions abordables par les autres chercheurs en sciences humaines tout en restant à la fois précises et novatrices."Florence GACOIN-MARKS, Université de Ljubljana"Les auteurs ont retracé, de manière argumentée et originale, la façon dont s'est constituée la culture slovène, notamment en Carniole, berceau historique de l'actuel État slovène, dans le cadre d'un dialogue avec des représentants éminents de la culture européenne et, notamment, italienne et française, déterminant ainsi de profonds changements aussi bien culturels (dans la formation du goût et de la mentalité) qu'économiques et esthétiques."Monica LANZILLOTTA, Université de la Calabre

In the gardens of Enlighteners
in Carniola around 1800

Ines Babnik
Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana

Enlightenment brought changes in all fields of public activities, including the way people designed their gardens. This European intellectual movement of the 18th century put emphasis on reason – the power by which humans understand the universe and improve their own lives. At the forefront were ideas concerning God, nature, development and humanity, combined with the goals of rational humanity – knowledge, freedom, and happiness. These new aspects brought a wide variety of changes in the practice of garden design and served as the basis for the birth of the so-called English landscape garden. However, the changes were not just visual. The garden was no longer just a space where people could walk, stretch their feet, talk and socialise or admire the rearranged and transformed natural entities. The role of a garden became a lot more important and multifaceted, encompassing the mind, the body, and the spirit of a man and society.

This paper presents the changes in gardens in Carniola around 1800 on the basis of the findings from the 18th century and modern publications and, most essentially, findings from the research in archive sources – correspondence, records of costs, plans etc. These findings provide an insight into how Enlighteners in Carniola accepted new garden trends. The paper examines design principles, i.e. garden schemes and their details – plants. The latter can show how the new rational spirit influenced plant collecting and plant presenting activities.

An insight into some gardens of Enlighteners in Carniola

When glimpsing into the history of Enlightenment in Carniola, one soon encounters the name of Sigismund Zois. Baron Sigismund (Žiga) Zois (1747-1819) had an important role in society at that time, and he gathered around himself the most significant intellectuals of the land. His activities were not limited to his successful business, but encompassed many other fields, such as literature, translation, zoology, ornithology, mineralogy, botany etc.339 It is important to mention botany, since Sigismund Zois’ brother Karl Zois (1756-1799) was a botanist. Barons Sigismund and Karl had their gardens in Ljubljana (the capital of Carniola) and on their estate Brdo pri Kranju.

Brdo pri Kranju was a large estate which was acquired from one of the most important Carniolan noble families by the father of the Zois brothers, Baron Michelangelo Zois Edelstein (1694-1777), who was an enterprising and wealthy merchant. The estate was crowned by a mansion facing an undeveloped area with forests, fruit trees and ponds that were already designed and maintained in the 17th century. In the 18th century, most probably already at the beginning of the century, a parterre garden in Baroque style was arranged to the south of the mansion. While the mansion was owned by the Zois brothers, this part of the garden remained structurally unchanged ; however, its contents were very diverse, as Karl arranged his botanical garden there.340 There were also (Baroque-style) avenues, which in one part formed a kind of patte d’oie, and which have been preserved until today. In the 1780s, the Zois family set a new course in the design of mansion surroundings and even agricultural areas (where elements of an ornamental farm were present). In the time of Zois brothers, the garden around the mansion consisted of : a glasshouse and an orangery, a summer house at the edge of the slope, groves of trees (clumps), meadows and some other interesting motifs, such as the new six-lined avenue with deciduous trees, which was arranged in 1786, and various garden houses, as well as an icehouse, a gloriette, a boathouse and a bowling alley.341 According to archival sources, some work was done in the garden in 1784 : cert...

Table des matières

• Dans la même collection
• Collection Réseau Lumières
• Avant-propos
• Introduction
• I. Lire l’ailleurs
• Le discours sur la Carniole et ses inflexions dans les ouvrages de référence du xviiie siècle
• La société agricole carniolienne au xviiie siècle, ses publications et les physiocrates français
• La menzione di autori francesi e italiani nei giornali del secondo Settecento stampati a Ljubljana
• Un regard politique sur les Provinces illyriennes en 1811
• Culture francisante et savoir-faire administratif : les lectures de Raymond von Thurn-Hofer und Valsassina à la fin du xviiie siècle
• Carniens/Résianiens : panslavisme et quête identitaire dans une « Notice » manuscrite de Jean Potocki (1803)
• II. Sphère esthétique, sphère domestique
• « Rechaud », « rechout », « rechou » ou bien « rechaut » : les mots, les choses et la langue française parmi la noblesse d’une province habsbourgeoise au xviiie siècle
• Su alcuni usi dei libri in lingua italiana circolati in Carniola tra la seconda metà del xviii e gli inizi del xix secolo
• Les dictionnaires et les manuels (de) français des xviie, xviiie et xixe siècles en Carniole
• In the gardens of Enlighteners in Carniola around 1800
• III. Commerce des livres, commerce des idées
• Ferrante Pallavicino in Carniola
• On the reading table of an aristocrat: Clodiados libri XII
• Le commerce de livres des auteurs français et italiens en Carniole au xviiie siècle et dans la première moitié du xixe siècle
• Libri di viaggio italiani del Settecento nella Biblioteca Nazionale e Universitaria slovena
• Les livres français en Carniole et leur influence sur la littérature slovène