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Quaternary of South America and Antarctica Peninsula 1998
Jorge Rabassa, Monica Salemme, Jorge Rabassa, Monica Salemme
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Quaternary of South America and Antarctica Peninsula 1998
Jorge Rabassa, Monica Salemme, Jorge Rabassa, Monica Salemme
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This text deals with certain geological aspects of the extreme geographical locations of South America and the Antarctic Peninsula. Topics include: Brazil - geology and vertebrate paleontology; pleistocene wave-built terraces of Northern Rio de Janeiro state; and holocene coastal evolution.
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1
The presence of Neochoerus Hay, 1926 (Rodentia, Hydrochoeridae) in Pleistocenic sediments of Southwestern Buenos Aires Province, Argentina
ComisiĂłn de Investigaciones CientĂficas (CIC) & Departamento PaleontologĂa Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
ABSTRACT: An almost complete skull of Neochoerus sp. (Rodentia, Hydrochoeridae) from Bajo San JosĂ© (lat. 38°34âČS, southwestern Buenos Aires province, Argentina) is described. The bearing unit is considered of Ensenadan Land-Mammal Age (Early-Middle Pleistocene). This is the record of highest latitude of the genus, and of the Family Hydrochoeridae since the end of the Pliocene. Bajo San JosĂ© is placed in the border between two zoogeographic subregions. The presence of Neochoerus at this latitude can be taken as an example of the historical dynamism of the Pampasic fauna during the Quaternary, which was signed by the strong climatic changes characteristic of the Pleistocene. The accompanying fauna is conformed by genera or species inhabiting today under either more humid and temperate conditions or more arid ones than those of the area of Bajo San JosĂ©. The former may suggest more arid conditions than today for this area, and the latter, may either be relict forms of more humid and warmer prior conditions, or indicate environmental changes towards higher temperature and humidity which favoured their southern dispersion along rivers and streams.
RESUMEN: Se describe un crĂĄneo casi completo de Neochoerus sp. (Rodentia, Hydrochoeridae), hallado en Bajo San JosĂ© (lat. 38°34âČS, sudoeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina). La unidad portadora es considerada de Edad Ensenadense (Pleistoceno temprano-medio). Este es el registro mĂĄs austral del gĂ©nero y de la Familia Hydrochoeridae desde el fin del Plioceno. Bajo San JosĂ© estĂĄ ubicado en el lĂmite entre dos subregiones zoogeogrĂĄficas. La presencia de Neochoerus en esta latitud puede tomarse como un ejemplo del dinamismo histĂłrico de la fauna pampĂĄsica durante el Cuaternario, caracterizado por los grandes cambios climĂĄticos del Pleistoceno. La fauna acompañante estĂĄ compuesta por gĂ©neros o especies que habitan en la actualidad zonas mĂĄs ĂĄridas o mĂĄs hĂșmedas y templadas que las del ĂĄrea de Bajo San JosĂ©. Las primeras pueden sugerir condiciones mĂĄs ĂĄridas que las actuales de esta zona, y las Ășltimas, pueden ser tanto formas relictuales de condiciones mĂĄs hĂșmedas y cĂĄlidas previas, como indicar cambios ambientales hacia condiciones de mayor temperatura y humedad que habrĂan favorecido su dispersiĂłn hacia el sur a lo largo de rĂos o arroyos.
1 INTRODUCTION
New remains of Neochoerus are described in this paper, coming from Bajo San JosĂ© (Coronel Pringles county, Southwestern Buenos Aires province, Argentina). A preliminary list of the fossil fauna found in this locality was published by Deschamps & Borromei (1992); fish remains were studied by Cione & Lopez Arbarello (1993), and the sigmodontine rodents by Pardinas & Deschamps (1996). The fossil-bearing unit outcrops at both margins of the Sauce Grande river, being the best site a gravel quarry located near the bridge of the National Route 51 over this river (lat. 38°34âČ S, long. 61°41âČ W), 51 km northeast of the city of Bahia Blanca (Fig. 1). The geological setting has been discussed in Borromei (1989) and Deschamps & Borromei (1992), in whose papers the entire sequence was attributed to a Pleistocene deposit originated by a gravelly braided stream system. Deschamps (1995) assigned this deposit to the Ensenadan (Early-Middle Pleistocene) Land-Mammal Age (Pascual et al. 1965, Cione & Tonni 1995).
2 MATERIAL AND METHODS
The fossil material herein described has been compared with skulls of Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (âcarpinchoâ): MLP 650, MLP 1406, MLP 14-IX-55-1 and MLP 18-VIII-92â16 from the Departamento de ZoologĂa Vertebrados, 43 and 427 from the Departamento de PaleontologĂa Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina, and with the following fossil specimens from Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales âBernardino Rivadaviaâ (MACN), Buenos Aires, of related genera: MACN: 16688, 5302, 5313, 587 and 588.
The ontogenetic stage of this specimen was estimated following Mones (1991: 96, Fig. 12) who proposed five classes of ages (Ages 0â4) taking into account the ossifying sequence of the basicranium.
3 SYSTEMATICS
Family HYDROCHOERIDAE Gray, 1825
Subfamily HYDROCHOERINAE Gray, 1825
Genus Neochoerus Hay, 1926 Neochoerus sp. (Fig. 2 A, B, C)
Material: UNSGH (Universidad Nacional del Sur, GeologĂa HistĂłrica) 645: part of the skull with right P4-M3 and left M3.
Description: It is a very well preserved skull, though without the rostrum and part of the zygomatic arches. It is a young specimen of age 2 since its exoccipital-basioccipital and basisphenoid-presphenoid (Ages 1 and 2) sutures are ossified, but not its exoccipital-supraoccipital and basioccipital-basisphenoid ones (Ages 3 and 4 respectively). Its size is approximately 20% larger than that of the single living species and genus Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (see Table 1). Consequently, it can be accepted that when adult, it could have reached the size of the species of the genus Neochoerus, that is, a third to half larger than the living species.
Neochoerus sp. UNSGH 645 | H. crespoi MACN-16688 | H. dasseni MACN-5302 | N. tarijensis MACN 587â588 | H. hydrochaeris (six skulls) | ...
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