Building Wireless Sensor Networks Using Arduino

Matthijs Kooijman

• Éditeur: Packt Publishing
• Année: 2015
• ISBN:
  9781784395582
• Édition: 1
• Sujet: Computer Science
• Sous-sujet: Open Source Programming

Leverage the powerful Arduino and XBee platforms to monitor and control your surroundings

About This Book

• Build your own low-power, wireless network using ready-made Arduino and XBee hardware
• Create a complex project using the Arduino prototyping platform
• A guide that explains the concepts and builds upon them with the help of examples to form projects

Who This Book Is For

This book is targeted at embedded system developers and hobbyists who have some working knowledge of Arduino and who wish to extend their projects using wireless connectivity.

What You Will Learn

• Interact with XBee boards using the XCTU program on Windows, OS X, or Linux
• Make your Arduino boards communicate wirelessly, using XBee modules in the advanced API mode
• Centrally collect and store measured sensor data, in the cloud or your own database
• Connect the coordinator Arduino to the Internet and send data to web services
• Control your environment automatically, based on sensor input from your network
• Interact with off-the-shelf ZigBee Home Automation devices
• Make your devices battery-powered and let them sleep to get months or even years of battery life

In Detail

Arduino has been established as the de facto standard microcontroller programming platform, being used for one-off do-it-yourself projects as well as prototypes for actual products. By providing a myriad of libraries, the Arduino community has made it very easy to interact with pretty much any piece of hardware out there. XBee offers a great range of low-power wireless solutions that are easy to work with, by taking all of the complexity of wireless (mesh) networking out of your hands and letting you focus on what to send without worrying about the how. Building wireless sensor networks is cost-effective as well as efficient as it will be done with Arduino support.

The book starts with a brief introduction to various wireless protocols, concepts, and the XBee hardware that enables their use. Then the book expands to explain the Arduino boards to you, letting them read and send sensor data, collect that data centrally, and then even control your home from the Internet. Moving further more advanced topics such as interacting through the standard Zigbee Home Automation protocol, or making your application power-efficient are covered. By the end of the book, you will have all the tools needed to build complete, real-world solutions.

Style and approach

A hands-on guide, featuring a single home automation project that can be built as described or with endless variations. Every step is illustrated with complete examples and screenshots, allowing you to build the examples swiftly.

Building Wireless Sensor Networks Using Arduino

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Table of Contents

Building Wireless Sensor Networks Using Arduino

Credits

About the Author

About the Reviewers

www.PacktPub.com

Support files, eBooks, discount offers, and more

Why subscribe?

Free access for Packt account holders

Preface

What this book covers

What you need for this book

Who this book is for

Conventions

Reader feedback

Customer support

Downloading the example code

Errata

Piracy

eBooks, discount offers, and more

Questions

1. A World without Wires

XBee radio hardware

XBee product families

Versions and variants

Official XBee documentation

Your first transmission

Using the SparkFun XBee Explorer USB

Getting and running XCTU

Updating the firmware

Failed firmware updates

Configuration

Talking to the XBee module

Receiving data

Uploading the sketch

Connecting the XBee

Receiving data

Switching to API mode

First module in API mode

Sending data

Second module in API mode

Starting and joining a network

Module addressing

Network scanning and remote configuration

The Commissioning button and LEDs

Making your network secure

Distributing the network key

Trust center link key

Trust center terminology differences

Selecting encryption keys

Setting up your secure network

Disabling network joining

Other XBee families

Configuration values

Summary

2. Collecting Sensor Data

Hardware setup

Serial on XBee

Handshaking signals

Voltage levels

Serial on a computer

Serial on Arduino

XBee shields

Other shields

Software setup

Example sketches

Variable types

PROGMEM and F() strings

Pointers

Serial port setup

The xbee-arduino library

Creating the sketch

Sending and receiving data

Sending data

The ZBTxRequest objects

Creating the sketch

Blocking and polling

Running the sketch

Callbacks

Callback types

Callback limitations

Receiving data

The ZBRxResponse objects

Creating the sketch

Collecting sensor data

Reading a DHT22 sensor

Handling packets using binary.h

Building and sending a packet

Constructing a packet using binary.h

Creating the sketch

Receiving and parsing a packet

Parsing a packet using binary.h

Creating the sketch

Troubleshooting

Communication with the XBee module is not working

Modules are not joining the network

Modules cannot talk to each other

Summary

3. Storing and Visualizing Your Data

Storing your data in the cloud

Introducing Beebotte

Channels and resources

Security

Access protocols

Sending your data to Beebotte

Preparing Beebotte

Connecting your Arduino to the Internet

Writing the sketch

Visualizing your data

Accessing your data

Keeping your data locally

Sending data over the serial port

Receiving data over the serial port

Summary

4. Controlling the World

Controlling your heating and/or cooling system

Replacing the thermostat

Controlling mains power

Hairdryer – an alternative

Control systems

Adding setpoint control

Subscribing to events

Reading events

Remembering sensor readings

Thermostat controller

Controlling a relay

Controlling off-the-shelf ZigBee devices

ZigBee profiles, endpoints, and clusters

ZigBee public profiles

Selecting a ZigBee device

Talking to a ZigBee on/off device

Joining the network

Factory reset in case of problems

Discovering services

The ZBExplicitTxRequest objects

Sending a message

The ZBExplicitRxResponse objects

Receiving messages

Receiving on/off command responses

More ZigBee features

Summary

5. Standalone XBee Operation

Creating a window sensor

Connecting things

Powering the module

Connecting the window sensor

I/O pin naming

Configuring the XBee module

Remotely sampling the pins

Querying the pin state

Automatically sending the sample data

The configuration values

Receiving the samples on the coordinator

The ZBRxIoSampleResponse objects

Receiving the I/O samples

Creating a standalone relay

Connecting things

Configuring the XBee module

Remotely toggling an output pin

Summary

6. Battery Power and Sleeping

Battery power

Lithium-ion and lithium polymer batteries

Regulators

Saving power

Power saving techniques

Knowing what to optimize and when to stop

XBee power-saving

The XBee sleep modes

Configuring the network

The sleeping window sensor

Battery power

Power usage

Arduino power-saving

The XBee configuration

Hardware

Powering the Arduino

Hardware connections

Putting the Arduino to sleep

Sleep modes

Waking up

Creating the sketch

Power usage

Summary

Index

Building Wireless Sensor Networks Using Arduino

Copyright © 2015 Packt Publishing

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.

Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author, nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book.

Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.

First published: October 2015

Production reference: 1121015

Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.

Livery Place

35 Livery Street

Birmingham B3 2PB, UK.

ISBN 978-1-78439-558-2

www.packtpub.com

Credits

Author

Matthijs Kooijman

Reviewers

Anvirup Basu

Roberto Gallea

Vincent Gijsen

Randy Schur

Fangzhou Xia

Commissioning Editor

Nadeem Bagban

Acquisition Editor

Sonali Vernekar

Content Development Editor

Shali Deeraj

Technical Editor

Danish Shaikh

Copy Editor

Tasneem Fatehi

Project Coordinator

Kinjal Bari

Proofreader

Safis Editing

Indexer

Mariammal Chettiyar

Graphics

Abhinash Sahu

Production Coordinator

Conidon Miranda

Cover Work

Conidon Miranda

Layout Coordinator

Conidon Miranda

About the Author

Matthijs Kooijman is an independent embedded software developer who is firmly connected with the maker movement through a local fab lab and his work on the Arduino project. Since his youth, Matthijs has been interested in making things; for example, he built his first television remote control before the age of 10 (using a piece of rope to pull on the volume slider, not a solution that he would choose today).

Matthijs has a firm belief in the merits of open source software and enjoys contributing to the software that he uses—both by coding and helping out other users. His work experience is broad—ranging from Web development to Linux driver hacking, from tech support to various forms of wireless networking, but almost always related to open source software in some way.

About the Reviewers

Anvirup Basu is currently a student pursuing his B.Tech in electronics and communication engineering from the Siliguri Institute of Technology. Besides academics, he is actively involved in robotics, IoT, and mobile application development. Since the first year, he has been involved with Microsoft as a Mic...