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The "Alexandreis" of Walter of ChĂątilon
A Twelfth-Century Epic
David Townsend, David Townsend
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The "Alexandreis" of Walter of ChĂątilon
A Twelfth-Century Epic
David Townsend, David Townsend
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Written sometime in the 1170s, Walter of Chatillon's Latin epic on the life of Alexander the Great loomed as large on literary horizons as the works on Jean de Meun, Dante, or Boccaccio. Within a few decades of its composition, the poem had become a standard text of the literary curriculum. Virtually all authors of the thirteenth through fifteenth centuries knew the poem. And an extraordinary two hundred surviving manuscripts, elaborately annotated, attest both to the popularity of the Alexandreis and to the care with which it was read by its medieval audience.
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Informations
Sujet
LittératureSous-sujet
Collections littéraires médiévalesBook Four
The Headings of the Fourth Book
The fourth book turns the Great One to sad rites
for Dariusâ wife. Laments and false suspicion
vex Darius. The legates bring him answer.
On either side, formations stand prepared
for combat. Alexander fears warâs image,
and calls a council. Spurning his menâs answers,
he puts off sleep until the daylight hours.
Aroused from sleep, he swiftly dons his arms,
and fortifies his men by word and deed.
The lines collide, the din assails the stars.
Book Four
His countenance besmeared with pitchy smoke,
the lurid Day-star rode out a fourth time
on breathless mount before the deadly tumult.
Between the sandy whirlpoolâs nearby stream
5
and woods whose highest peaks were swathed in cloud,
the Grecian phalanx marched through verdant fields.
Driven by hope, it trod victoriously
a route the yielding enemy had left it.
Then Dariusâ royal spouse fell down to death
10
among the captive womenâs powerless throng:
grief for his absence, for her landâs subjection,
and endless travel on the toilsome road
made sure her passing. But the conquerorâ
that mightiest and most devout of kingsâ
15
felt grief no otherwise than if heâd heard
of his own motherâs and his sistersâ death.
The youth brought forth such tears of lamentation
as Darius might have shed. Now white old age
came to the place of death, and pious grace,
20
forever rare in tyrants, broke the hardness
of an unvanquished prince, who though a foe
paid tears as tribute. Only once heâd glimpsed her
after her capture; from her sumptuous mien
he drew no cause for frenzy, wishing rather
25
to stand as guardian of her honor and
appearanceâglory fell to him more richly
in shaming neither, than in violating both.
[24] Escaping from amidst the Grecian ranks,
the eunuch Tiriotes brought the news
30
to Darius, who saw his clothing rent
with bloody nails, his tangled hair lying
upon his face, his visage drenched in tears.
âWhatever welfare still remains to me,â
the king said, âspoil it now, and change my fear
35
to mourning. I have learned unhappiness,
and know how to be buffetted by ills.
The wretched have this solace only, and
this cure for pain: they know their lot in life.
You bring news of my familyâs mockery,
40
cruel torments worse for them than any lashâ
and yet I fear to say it.â Then replied
the other: âEvery honor and respect
that could be paid to royal ladies has
been paid to yours. Butâthis I dread to tellâ
45
your noble consort, both your wife and sister,
has passed and left behind her lifeless body.â
Then you might have seen the whole encampment
reduced to groans and weeping. The old man
lay lifeless, fouling in the dust his white
50
and noble locks: he privately supposed
his wife was slain in chaste refusal of
some outrage. Then he shut out all the others,
keeping with him only the eunuch, who
swore that the queen had borne no loss of honor,
55
that at the captorâs hand the captive paid
no shameful price: she had received the tears
due from a husband, and a worthy bier.
But now suspicion, mingled with his grief,
pierced his loving mind, and in his frenzy
60
he guessed some passion sprang, as crime is wont,
between captive and captor: âIn both flesh
and blood,â he said, âthis prisoner was noble;
her master, still a youth.â What might have been
he reckoned as her will, and with such cares
65
his sick mind seethed, until the slave bore witness,
upon the household g...