Map 2: Central Yamato
BIBLIOGRAPHY
IMPORTANT PRIMARY SOURCES FOR EARLY JAPANESE HISTORY
Chronicles of Japan (Nihon shoki, 720). The official historical chronicle of Japanâs first years, it was extensively annotated by later generations of court scholars. For a complete translation in English, see W. G. Aston, Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697 (Rutland, Vt.: Tuttle Publishing, 1972).
Engi Rites (Engi shiki, c. 905â967). A compendium of court rituals, procedures, and offices that was compiled during the Engi era (901â923) and shortly thereafter. For an extensively annotated translation of the first ten books into English, see Felicia Bock, Engi-shiki: Procedures of the Engi Era, 2 vols. (Tokyo: Sophia University, 1970 and 1972).
Gazetteers (Fudoki, 713â733). Compendia of topography, tales, and natural resources compiled by provincial officials for the central administration, they have only survived in fragmentary form. For a complete annotated translation, see Michiko Y. Aoki, Records of Wind and Earth: A Translation of Fudoki with Introduction and Commentaries (Ann Arbor, Mich.: Association for Asian Studies, 1997).
Gleanings of Ancient Words (Kogo shĆ«i, 807). A ninth-century compilation of myths and ritual procedures of the Taboo Handlers (see General Terms) compiled by a member of that clan named Imibe no Hironari. For a complete annotated translation into English, see Hoshino HikoshirĆ and Genchi KatĆ, KogoshĆ«i: Gleanings from Ancient Stories (London: Curzon Press, 1926).
Hymns (Norito). Prayers recited for court rituals, their language infused both prose and poetry in early Japan. For an annotated translation into English, see Donald Phillipi, Norito: A Translation of the Ancient Japanese Ritual Prayers (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990).
Japanese Miracles (Nihon koku genpĆ zenâaku ryĆiki, c. 787â824). More literally âJapanese Accounts of Good and Bad Karma in This Life Involving Spirits and Anomalies,â it is a collection of tales illustrating the workings of karma in Japan. For an annotated translation in English, see KyĆko Nakamura, Miraculous Tales from the Japanese Buddhist Tradition: The Nihon ryĆiki of the Monk KyĆkai (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1973).
Myriad Leaves Collection (ManâyĆshĆ«). A voluminous late eighth-century poetry anthology. There are two complete translations in English: Jan L. Pierson, The ManyĆsĆ«, 17 vols. (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1929â1963); and H. H. Honda, The Manyoshu: A New and Complete Translation (Tokyo: HokuseidĆ Press, 1967).
Revised Genealogies (Shinsen shĆjiroku, 814â815). A compilation of genealogies, divided by category into spirits, royalty, and nobility. The last of these includes over a thousand clans inhabiting the central provinces of the capital region. Only portions of the original thirty chapters survive.
Wei Account (Wei zhi, 297). A section of the third-century Chinese historical chronicle Sanguo zhi (Records of Three Kingdoms) that gives the earliest description of Japan. For a complete translation and detailed study, see Edward J. Kidder, Himiko and Japanâs Elusive Chiefdom of Yamatai: Archaeology, History, and Mythology (Honolulu: University of Hawaiâi Press, 2007).
ENGLISH-LANGUAGE TRANSLATIONS OF THE KOJIKI
Chamberlain, Basil Hall. The Kojiki: Records of Ancient Matters. Originally translated in 1882 and reissued by Tuttle Publishing from 1972 onward.
Danno, Yoko. Songs and Stories of the Kojiki. Toronto: Ahadada Books, 2008.
Inoue, Shunji. Kojiki. Tokyo: English Translation of the Kojiki Preparatory Association, 1965.
Isobe, Yaichiro. The Story of Ancient Japan or Tales from the Kojiki. Tokyo: San Kaku Sha, 1929.
Philippi, Donald. Kojiki. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, 1968.
JAPANESE MYTHOLOGY
Akima, Toshio. âThe Myth of the Goddess of the Undersea World and the Tale of Empress JingĆ«âs Subjugation of Korea.â Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 20, nos. 2â3 (1993): 95â185.
Aoki, Michiko Y. Ancient Myths and Early History of Japan: A Cultural Foundation. New York: Exposition Press, 1974.
Carlqvist, Anders. âThe Land-Pulling Myth and Some Aspects of Historical Reality.â Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 37, no. 2 (2010): 185â222.
deVeer, Henrietta. âMyth Sequences from the Kojiki: A Structural Study.â Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 3, nos. 2â3 (1976): 175â214.
Ellwood, Robert S. âA Japanese Mythic Trickster Figure: Susa-no-o.â In Mythical Trickster Figures: Contours, Contexts, and Criticism, ed. William J. Hynes and William G. Doty, 141â58. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1993.
ââ. âThe Sujin Religious Revolution.â Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 17, nos. 2â3 (1990): 200â17.
Fairchild, William P. ââMikaâ-Jar Deities in Japanese Mythology.â Asian Folklore Studies 24, no. 1 (1965): 81â101.
Fuminobu, Murakami. âIncest and Rebirth in Kojiki.â Monumenta Nipponica 43, no. 4 (1988): 455â63.
Grayson, James H. âSusa-no-o: A Culture Hero from Korea.â Japan Forum 14, no. 3 (2002): 465â88.
Isomae Junâichi. Japanese Mythology: Hermeneutics on Scripture. London: Equinox Publishing, 2010.
ââ. âMyth in Metamorphosis: Ancient and Medieval Versions of the Yamatotakeru Legend.â Monumenta Nipponica 54, no. 3 (1999): 361â85.
Kawai, Hayao. âThe Hollow Center in the Mythology of Kojiki.â Review of Japanese Culture and Society 1, no. 1 (1986): 72â77.
Keene, Donald. âThe Kojiki as Literature.â Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan, 47 (1983): 99â132.
Kelsey, W. Michael. âThe Raging Deity in Japanese Mythology.â Asian Folklore Studies 40, no. 2 (1981): 213â36.
KĆnoshi, Takamitsu. âConstructing Imperial Mythology: Kojiki and Nihon shoki.â In Inventing the Classics: Modernity, National Identity, and Japanese Literature, ed. Haruo Shirane and Tomi Suzuki, 51â67. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2000.
ââ. âThe Land of Yomi: On the Mythical World of the Kojiki.â Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 11, no. 1 (1984): 57â76.
Kurosawa, KĆzĆ. âMyths and Tale Literature.â Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 9, nos. 2â3 (1982): 115â25.
Littleton, C. Scott. âYamato-takeru: An âArthurianâ Hero in Japanese Tradition.â Asian Folklore Studies 54, no. 2 (1995): 259â74.
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