Chemistry
Pyridine
Pyridine is a heterocyclic compound with a six-membered ring containing five carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom. It is a colorless liquid with a distinct, unpleasant odor and is commonly used as a solvent and reagent in organic synthesis. Pyridine is also found in various natural products and pharmaceuticals, and its derivatives have diverse applications in the chemical industry.
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8 Key excerpts on "Pyridine"
- Parvesh Singh(Author)
- 2022(Publication Date)
- Elsevier(Publisher)
Its cyclic nature was recognized by Dewar and Korner in 1869 [8]. Pyridine and its related derivatives are a privileged class of heterocyclic compounds found in various chemotherapeutic agents [ 9, 10 ]. Pyridine is widely found in many natural products such as vitamins, alkaloids and coenzymes and forms the nucleus of around 253 FDA-approved drugs. Pyridine-based compounds are known to possess a remarkable biological and pharmacological activity including antimicrobial [11], antimalarial [12], anticancer [13], HIV inhibitors [14], antioxidant [15], and many others [16]. Pyridine moieties are frequently used in drugs due to their characteristics such as stability, water solubility, basicity, hydrogen bond-forming capacity, and small molecular size, which help to improve pharmacokinetic, pharmacological, and physicochemical properties. The effective therapeutic behavior of Pyridines in drug discovery is mainly based on their mimicking nature. Pyridine ring acts as bioisostere of benzene, amines, amides, and other nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Pyridine is aromatic and possesses six delocalized electrons in the ring (Fig. 12.1). The nitrogen's lone electron pair of Pyridine occupies sp 2 orbital parallel to the ring plane. Therefore, this electron pair does not participate in the aromatic π-system ring and more available for donation. In comparison to benzene, Pyridine is an electron deficient and polar molecule due to the electron-withdrawing effect of the highly electronegative nitrogen atom. The electron density in Pyridine ring at the C-2, C-4, and C-6 positions is less than that at the C-3 and C-5 positions. Therefore, Pyridine has a dipole moment and a weaker resonant stabilization than benzene
No longer available |Learn more- (Author)
- 2014(Publication Date)
- Research World(Publisher)
________________________ WORLD TECHNOLOGIES ________________________ Chapter- 7 Pyridine Pyridine IUPAC name Pyridine Other names Azabenzene Azine py Identifiers CAS number 110-86-1 PubChem 1049 ChemSpider 1020 UNII NH9L3PP67S EC number 203-809-9 KEGG C00747 ChEMBL CHEMBL266158 Properties Molecular formula C 5 H 5 N Molar mass 79.1 g mol −1 Appearance colourless liquid Density 0.9819 g/cm 3 , liquid Melting point -41.6 °C, 232 K, -43 °F Boiling point 115.2 °C, 388 K, 239 °F ________________________ WORLD TECHNOLOGIES ________________________ Solubility in water Miscible Vapor pressure 18 mmHg Acidity (p K a ) 5.25, Refractive index ( n D ) 1.5093 Viscosity 0.88 cP Dipole moment 2.2 D Hazards MSDS External MSDS EU classification Flammable ( F ) Harmful ( Xn ) R-phrases R20 R21 R22 R34 R36 R38 Flash point 21 °C Threshold Limit Value 5 ppm (TWA) Related compounds Related amines Picoline Quinoline Related compounds Aniline Pyrimidine Piperidine Supplementary data page Structure and properties n , ε r , etc. Thermodynamic data Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas Spectral data UV, IR, NMR, MS Pyridine is a basic heterocyclic organic compound with the chemical formula C 5 H 5 N. It is structurally related to benzene, with one C-H group replaced by a nitrogen atom. The Pyridine ring occurs in many important compounds, including azines and the vitamins nicotinamide and pyridoxal. Pyridine was discovered in 1849 by the Scottish chemist Thomas Anderson as one of the constituents of bone oil. Two years later, Anderson isolated pure Pyridine through fractional distillation of the oil. It is a colorless, highly flammable, weakly alkaline, water-soluble liquid with a distinctive, unpleasant fish-like odor. Pyridine is used as a precursor to agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals and is also an important solvent and reagent. Pyridine is added to ethanol to make it unsuitable for drinking.
- Erwin Klingsberg(Author)
- 2009(Publication Date)
- Wiley-Interscience(Publisher)
Pyridine and Its Derivatives Part One Erwin Klingsberg, Editor Atircricon Cyanamid vompany, Bound Brook, New Jersey 1960 INTERSCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC., NEW YORK INTERSCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD., LONDON Pyridine AND ITS DERIVATIVES In Four Parts PART ONE Tbii ic Part One of tbc fonrtrcntb volams finblirbcrl in tbr wries THE CHEMISTRY OF HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS ~~ ~ THE CHEMISTRY OF HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS A SERIES OF MONOGRAPHS ARNOLD WEISSBERGER, Consulting Editor 1). ContriOutors to This Pnrt R. A. Barnes Rutgers, The Slate University, New Rrunswick, New Jersey Frederick Brody American Cyanamid Compnny, Bound Brook, New Jersey Philip R. Ruby American Cyanamid Company. Rotcnd Brook, New Jersey Pyridine and Its Derivatives Part One Erwin Klingsberg, Editor Atircricon Cyanamid vompany, Bound Brook, New Jersey 1960 INTERSCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC., NEW YORK INTERSCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD., LONDON Copyright 0 1960 by Interscience Publishers, Inc. All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 59-13038 INTERSCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC., 250 Fifth Avenue, New York 1, N. Y. For Great Britain and Northern Ireland: Interscience Publishers, Ltd., 88/90 Chancery Lane, London, W.C. 2 The Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds The chemistry of heterocyclic compounds is one OE the most com- plex branches of organic chemistry. It is equally interesting for its theoretical implications, for the diversity of its synthetic procedures, and for the physiological and industrial significance of heterocyclic compounds. A field of such importance and intrinsic difficulty should be made as readily accessible as possible, and the lack of a modern detailed and comprehensive presentation of heterocyclic chemistry is there- fore keenly felt. It is the intention of the present series to fill this gap by expert presentations of the various branches of heterocyclic chemistry.
eBook - PDF- Pratima Parashar Pandey(Author)
- 2018(Publication Date)
- IntechOpen(Publisher)
As such, studying Pyridine and/substituted Pyridines has attracted the attention of research -ers. Where how far, substituent modification ( in terms of number, type, or location of substituent(s) ) on Pyridine ring exerts changes on either the close or the more distant neighborhoods of pyridyl-N atom and consequently to what extent this modification has reflected on basicity ( the nitrogen two 2p-type electrons ) of Pyridine is chiefly discussed in this chapter. In one of the related publications [ 15 ] coordination complexes of the type: [Ru(en) 2 L 2 ] 2 , en = ethylenediamine, L = Pyridine or substituted Pyridine, namely, methyl-, acetyl-, and cyanoPyridine, have been theoretically studied. Results indicated that, changing either the type or position of the substituent(s) placed on the coordinated Pyridine chelate could facilitate transitions to appear in the visible region. Interestingly, this enables furnishing of colorimetric chemosensors based on the motivated chemo-luminescence properties of the synthesized metal-Pyridine inorganic coordination compounds. Herein, in the following sections, we will introduce some examples that have been discussed in the reported investigations and how the findings in these studies had led to enrich the thor -ough understanding of how Pyridine structure may interrelate to the dynamics of electronic delocalization over Pyridine ring and how this, at the end, would recruit modifications in the optical properties of the investigated Pyridine derivatives. In the first study [ 24 ] Pyridine, C 5 H 5 N, and Pyridine simulations of the type C 5 (X) n H 5-n N (X = –C ≡ C ▬ H; –C ≡ C ▬ F; –C ≡ N; –CH(=O) were theoretically studied employing density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations at the B3LYP/LANL2DZ level of theory.
- Erwin Klingsberg(Author)
- 2009(Publication Date)
- Wiley-Interscience(Publisher)
Pyridine and Its Derivatives Part Two Erwin Klingsberg, Editor American Cyanamid Company, Bound Brook, New ]my 1961 INTERSCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC., NEW YORK INTERSCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD., LONDON Pyridine AND ITS DERIVATIVES In Four Parts PART TWO Tbir is P d Two of tbe fowrterntb volume gwbksbed in tbr series THE CHEMISTRY OF HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS THE CHEMISTRY OF HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS A SERIES OF MONOGRAPHS ARNOLD WEISSBERGER, Consulting Edifor 0 . Contributors to This Part Holly E. Menel Merck Sharp and Dohtne Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersv Renat H. Minoni Ciba Pharmaceutical Products, Inc., Summit, New Jersey Elliott N . Shaw Rochefelkr Institute for Medical Research, New York, New York Leon E. Teaenbaum Nepera Chemical Company, Yonkers, New York Harty L. Yale Squib6 Institute for Medical Research, New Brunswich, New Jersey Pyridine and Its Derivatives Part Two Erwin Klingsberg, Editor American Cyanamid Company, Bound Brook, New ]my 1961 INTERSCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC., NEW YORK INTERSCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD., LONDON Copyright 0 1961 by Interscience Publishers, Inc. All Rights Reserved Library of Congrru Catalog Card Number 59-13038 INTERSCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC., 250 Fifth Avenue, New York 1. N. Y. For Great Britain and Northern Ireland: I n t d m c e Publishers, Ltd.. 88/90 Chancery Lane. London, W.C. 2 The Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds The chemistry of heterocyclic compounds is one of the most com- plex branches of organic chemistry. It is equally interesting for its theoretical implications, for the diversity of its synthetic procedures, and for the physiological and industrial significance of heterocyclic compounds. A field of such importance and intrinsic difficulty should be made as readily accessible as possible, and the lack of a modern detailed and comprehensive presentation of heterocyclic chemistry is there- fore keenly felt.
- Erwin Klingsberg(Author)
- 2009(Publication Date)
- Wiley-Interscience(Publisher)
Pyridine and Its Derivatives Part Three Erwin Klingsberg, Editor American Cyanamid Company, Bound Brook, New Jeoey 1962 INTERSCIENCE PUBLISHERS A DIVISION OF JOHN WILEY & SONS, NEW YORK-LONDON Pyridine AND ITS DERIVATIVES In Four Parts PART THREE This is Part Three ojthe fourteenth volume in the series THE CHEMISTRY OF HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS THE CHEMISTRY OF HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS A SERIES OF MONOGRAPHS ARNOLD WE I SSBE RGE R , Conmlting Editor Contributors to This Part John C. Godfrey Bristol Laboratories Syracuse, New York Herbert Meislich The City University of New York, New York City Eugene P. Oliveto Schering Corporation Bloomfield, New Jeoey Lee N. Starker Warner-Lambert Research Institute Morris Plains, New Jersey Andrew S. Tomcufcik Lederle Laboratories Division American Cyanamid Company Pearl River, New York Pyridine and Its Derivatives Part Three Erwin Klingsberg, Editor American Cyanamid Company, Bound Brook, New Jeoey 1962 INTERSCIENCE PUBLISHERS A DIVISION OF JOHN WILEY & SONS, NEW YORK-LONDON Copyright 0 1962 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 59-13038 The Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds The chemistry of heterocyclic compounds is one of the most complex branches of organic chemistry. It is equally interesting for, its theoretical implications, for the diversity of its synthetic procedures, and for the physio- logical and industrial significance of heterocyclic compounds. A field of such importance and intrinsic difficulty should be made as read- ily accessible as possible, and the lack of a modern detailed and comprehensive presentation of heterocyclic chemistry is therefore keenly felt. It is the inten- tion of the present series to fill this gap by expert presentations of the various branches of heterocyclic chemistry.
- George R. Newkome(Author)
- 2009(Publication Date)
- Wiley-Interscience(Publisher)
Pyridine AND ITS DERIVATIVES Part Five Edired by George R. Newkome Louisiana State University Baton Rouge. Louisiana John Wiley and Sons NEWYORK CHICHESTER BRISBANE TORONTO SINGAPORE ______I_ ----__ll____l_________.__ __I____ II___-_-.----c.__. I_ __ ___X_I__._-.--.--_ AN INTERSCIENCE I PUBLICATION Pyridine AND ITS DERIVATIVES Part Five This is the jourteetith iw/ut?ii, in the siviips THE CHEMISTRY OF HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS -- .-.- ___- - __ ___*-l_ll_---.-----_ - TItE CHEMISTRY OF HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUSDS A SERIES OF MONOGRAPHS ARNOLD WEISSBERGKR AND EDWARD C. TAYLOR @ Pyridine AND ITS DERIVATIVES Part Five Edired by George R. Newkome Louisiana State University Baton Rouge. Louisiana John Wiley and Sons NEWYORK CHICHESTER BRISBANE TORONTO SINGAPORE ______I_ ----__ll____l_________.__ __I____ II___-_-.----c.__. I_ __ ___X_I__._-.--.--_ AN INTERSCIENCE I PUBLICATION An Interdencc PUbllCdtioll Copyright @ 1984 hy John Wiley & Sons. Inc. All rights rewved. Puhlished simultaneously in Canada. Keproductioii or translalion of any part of this work beyond that permitied by Section 107 or 108 o f t h e 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of ihe copyright owner is unlawful. Requests for permishn or further information should be addreshed to the Periniwons Department. John Wiley & Sons. Ins. Library of Congrclr.5 catabging in Publication Data : ( R e v i d Ibr volume 5) Klingsberg. Erwin. Pyridine and it derivatives. (The Cheniislr) of heteroc)clic ccimpound> : a ,cries Vd. 5- edited hy George R. Newkoiiir V d . 5- ha3 impriiir : New York : Wile! An Interscience publication -V a l . 5 . I p Include hihl iograph ics. I. Plridiiie. o f nionographs. v. 14) I . Ncwkoine. George R. (George Kizh.irdI I I . Title. compound>. . 14. I l l . Serie: Chemistry of heieroc?clic Q D 4 O i . K 7 1 2 547'.5Y3 59-13038 ISBN 0-471-05072-5 (v. 5) 10 9 K 7 6 5 4 3 2 i Contributors T. D. BAILEY Reilly Tar and Chemical Corporation Indianapolis, Inilianu G.
- R. A. Abramovitch(Author)
- 2009(Publication Date)
- Wiley-Interscience(Publisher)
P Y R I D I N A N D I T S D E R I V A T I S U P P L E M E N T P A R T T W O Edited h,. R. A. Abramovitch Unieersif: .J .4luhurnu V E S AN INTERSCIENCE@ PUBLICATION JOHN WILEY & SONS N E W YORK - L O N D O N - S Y D N E Y * TORONTO Pyridine AND ITS DERIVATIVES SUPPLEMENT IN FOUR PARTS, PART TWO This is rhe fourreenrh volume in rhe series THE CHEMKSTRY OF HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS T H E C H E M I S T R Y OF HETEROCYC1,IC C O M P O U N D S A SERIES OF M O N O G R A P H S A R N O L D WEISSBERGER and E D W A R D C. TAYLOR Editurs P Y R I D I N A N D I T S D E R I V A T I S U P P L E M E N T P A R T T W O Edited h,. R. A. Abramovitch Unieersif: .J .4luhurnu V E S AN INTERSCIENCE@ PUBLICATION JOHN WILEY & SONS N E W YORK - L O N D O N - S Y D N E Y * TORONTO An Interscience@ Publication Copyright All rights reserved. Published simultaneously in Canada. No part of this book may be reproduced by any means, nor transmitted, m r translated into a machine language with- out the written permission of the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data: Abramovitch, R. A. 1930- 1974, by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Pyridine supplement. (The Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds, v. 14) “An Interscicnce publication.” Supplement to E. Klingsberg’s Pyridine and its Includes bibliographical references. 1. Pyridine. I. Klingsberg, Erwin, ed. Pyridine derivatives. and its derivatives. 11. Title. QD401 .A22 547‘.593 73-9800 ISBN 0-471-37914-X 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contributors R. A. ABRAMOVITCH, Department of Chemistry, Unittersity of Alabama, MAX M. BOUDAKIAN, Olin Corporation, Rochester, New York RONALD G . MICETICH, Raylo Chemicals Limited, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada ELIZABETH M. SMITH, Wayne State University,Detroit, Michigan, and Schering HARRY L. YALE, Squibb Institute for Medical Research, New Brunswick, University, Alabama Corporation, Bloomfield, New Jersey New Jersey TO THE MEMORY OF Michael
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