Computer Plagiarism
Computer plagiarism refers to the act of using computer technology to copy or reproduce someone else's work without proper attribution. This can include copying code, algorithms, or other digital content without permission. It is a serious ethical and legal issue in the field of computer science, as it undermines the principles of academic integrity and intellectual property rights.
8 Key excerpts on "Computer Plagiarism"
eBook - ePubPlagiarism, the Internet, and Student Learning
Improving Academic Integrity
- Wendy Sutherland-Smith(Author)
- 2008(Publication Date)
- Routledge(Publisher)
...New Zealand researcher, Judy Le Heron (2001), characterizes plagiarism as a “synonym for cheating and learning dishonesty” in reporting her six-year study of plagiarism in an information systems course at a New Zealand university. Across the Tasman Sea in Australia, David Pyvis in reporting on a high-profile case at Curtin University in Western Australia proclaims plagiarism an “anathema” and contends that where university plagiarism policy and procedures are inconsistent, communication breakdown can result and an “ethical vacuum” for students and staff emerge (2002, pp.33–34). As we can see from this brief overview of some teacher and researcher perceptions of plagiarism from around the world, the language used to describe plagiarism in academic writing is couched in terms varying from moral reprehensibility to criminal activity. Words such as “cardinal sin,” “scourge” and “danger to … liberty” embody the ideas of moral wrong. Yet other teachers align plagiarism with criminal behavior and describe it in terms of “intellectual murder,” “felony,” “dishonesty,” “cheating” and label the students as “thieves.” For these teachers, plagiarism is conceptualized as an action of intentional and calculated theft—as reflected in many of the plagiarism policies of the institutions that are outlined in Chapter 3. It is also important to recognize that some teachers see plagiarism as a form of cheating, whereas others do not. Some claim that plagiarism is an offense and categorize it alongside actions such as cheating on examinations. Another group of teachers are hesitant to make this claim. They see only some forms of plagiarism as akin to cheating—offenses such as buying a paper from the Internet, or engaging and paying another person to write an assignment for submission...
- Gregory S. Patience, Daria C. Boffito, Paul Patience(Authors)
- 2015(Publication Date)
- Academic Press(Publisher)
...Plagiarism, on the other hand, is an affront to the person(s) who created the original work. It violates the standard code of scholarly conduct like falsifying data, fabricating data (these could have criminal implications), neglecting to recognize deserving coauthors (even adding people who have not contributed), and sending a paper to multiple journals at the same time. Stealing ideas is also plagiarism. Although the origin of the word is from Greek and Latin meaning kidnapper, plagiarism is not a criminal offence. Copyright infringement is a criminal offence in most countries, and courts impose penalties on infringers: they have to pay for each item infringed, legal and court costs, and damages related to lost income. To differentiate between plagiarism from copyright violations, Taylor (2013) presented four concrete examples: 1. Copying and pasting text and images from a published article into another article violates the rights of the copyright holder and is plagiarism. 2. Copying and citing sections of a paper or images from another paper is not plagiarizing but infringes the copyright if the copyright holder did not authorize the author(s) to reproduce the image(s). 3. Copying text from the public domain (text published 50-70 years after the last author died—depending on the country or patents) plagiarizes the author(s) but does not infringe copyright. 4. Publishing material with permission from the owner of the copyright and citing it is neither a copyright violation nor plagiarism. Copyright excludes anyone other than the copyright owner from distributing the work, but there are a few exceptions: “fair use [dealing] for the purpose of research, private study, education, parody or satire” (Canada Minister of Justice, 2012). Fair use also pertains to criticism, but the work must be cited...
eBook - ePub- Ellen Taricani, Ellen Taricani(Authors)
- 2021(Publication Date)
- Emerald Publishing Limited(Publisher)
...In some cases, it helps students to see an issue, revise their assignment, and resubmit to ensure appropriate guidelines are followed. The last typical approach to improve academic honesty is the use of learning support systems such as a writing centre to help students as they complete assignments. This approach includes benefits for students, as they are able to learn about the writing process while ensuring they are academically honest. It is not easy to implement on a large scale due to limitations of support teams such as availability of tutors and limited hours. Many institutions use a combination of approaches rather than a single method to improve academic integrity amongst students. With a variety of approaches used to improve academic honesty in higher education, it is difficult to ascertain the best approaches for a campus. Therefore, addressing targeted areas of concern can help to refine the approaches to ameliorate academic honesty issues. UNDERLYING REASONS FOR PLAGIARISM Plagiarism is a form of academic dishonesty, where a person presents someone else’s work as their own (Hosier, 2015). Copying content from on-line sources is one of the most common plagiarism-based concerns (Scanlon & Neumann, 2002). Additional types of plagiarism that concern faculty include submitting others’ work, copying digital files, and using others’ work without attribution (Yeo, 2007). The Internet gave rise to new and increased opportunities for students to plagiarise content based on the previously mentioned methods. Even though multiple approaches to representing content as one’s own exist, the act of plagiarism is typically categorised as intentional or unintentional. Intentional plagiarism includes an author purposefully not including attribution to others’ work when they are aware that the source content belongs to another author (Park, 2003 ; Youmans, 2011). This form of plagiarism includes purposefully uncited source material and submitting others’ work as their own...
eBook - ePubResearch Ethics for Scientists
A Companion for Students
- C. Neal Stewart(Author)
- 2011(Publication Date)
- Wiley(Publisher)
...Chapter 3 Plagiarise and Perish ABOUT THIS CHAPTER Plagiarism, defined as using others’ ideas, sentences or phrases without citation, is perhaps the most common form of research misconduct. Plagiarism is easily avoided. Plagiarism is becoming more easily detected thanks to computational and networking tools. Some self-plagiarism is typically unacceptable in instances where the source material has been published. Recycling your own writing is usually acceptable when it has been previously unpublished. Plagiarism is claiming others’ ideas, sentences, or phrases as one's own. In professional writing, plagiarism is fraudulent and intentional by the FFP definition. In student writing, plagiarism might be done without any malintent. For example, students with a lack of command of language and science also could be tempted to plagiarise as a survival mechanism. Nonetheless, in science, fairness and honesty dictate that others’ work is recognised and cited in scientific literature, grant proposals, and coursework. This is the widely accepted standard among all academics; scientists or otherwise. Plagiarism cannot be tolerated or condoned. To me, plagiarism is the most boring of ethical offences; largely borne of both academic laziness and ignorance, and being contented to remain in this state. Or, in haiku: Cannot synthesise? Lazy about your writing? Why not plagiarise? Shamoo and Resnick (2003, p. 50) refer to authorship as “perhaps the most important reward in research.” But then follow to declare that “publish or perish…is a grim reality of academic life.” In our youth the teacher assigned a maybe dull theme paper topic. However, we choose our own research and have the privilege to share our hard-earned results with the world through publications...
eBook - ePubThe College Classroom Assessment Compendium
A Practical Guide to the College Instructor's Daily Assessment Life
- Jay Parkes, Dawn Zimmaro(Authors)
- 2017(Publication Date)
- Routledge(Publisher)
...9 Cheating and Plagiarism Let’s begin with some fundamentals: students cheat. They cheat in your class. Cheating and plagiarism are voluminous and multifaceted topics well beyond the scope of this book. In fact, there are book-length treatments of each (e.g. Carroll, 2013; Cizek, 1999; Lang, 2013; McCabe, Butterfield, & Trevino, 2012; Velliaris, 2016). We wish to address just a few aspects about cheating: what is cheating, the conceptual frameworks you might adopt when thinking about cheating, prevention strategies, and responses to cheating. What Is Cheating? You need to have your own definitions of what cheating and plagiarism are in your classes, and you need to be explicit with yourself and your students what those definitions are. For our purposes, cheating is a student’s unauthorized departure from the rules and expectations for completing an assessment. Plagiarism is a particular form of cheating. At its heart, plagiarism is representing the work of another as one’s own, which is a deceptively simple definition. Plagiarism can be everything from buying a paper for a course from an online “paper mill,” to copying from a classmate, to patchwriting (e.g. Jamieson, 2016). Note that our definitions do not presume motive or even awareness that they have departed from the rules and expectations. Instructors and students in and from varying cultures, disciplines, geographies, etc., will come to a class with different inherent and learned rules and expectations and definitions of what constitutes violations of rules, expectations, and definitions. Words like collaboration, plagiarism, and peer learning mean different things to different people. See Simpson (2016) as an example. The social construction of cheating (and plagiarism) is a fascinating topic, but we will cut to the chase. In your class, you are responsible for having, or co-constructing with your students, definitions of what the rules and expectations are in your class...
eBook - ePubStudent Plagiarism in Higher Education
Reflections on Teaching Practice
- Diane Pecorari, Philip Shaw, Diane Pecorari, Philip Shaw(Authors)
- 2018(Publication Date)
- Routledge(Publisher)
...However, a concomitant of that decision would be that we would no longer have a word which denotes an act of copying which is also an act of dishonesty. We might miss that specificity. It is infinitely more convenient to be able to say “the mugger stabbed the victim” than “the mugger wielded a knife at the victim in a manner intended to penetrate the flesh and cause harm.” More importantly, we would have to abandon the extremely common practice of speaking of plagiarism as a form of theft, or stealing, or purloining, and the fact that theft is such a common metaphor for plagiarism reveals that the question of intentionality is in fact deeply embedded in our understanding of it. Functionality. The final test by which the definition will be judged is that of functionality. Ideally, a good definition would allow anyone with a suspect text to determine whether the features of the text match the criteria for plagiarism, and thereby decide whether or not the text is plagiarized. How well does it work? For convenience, the definition is repeated here. Plagiarism is a form of academic misconduct involving a writing process which results in an inappropriate relationship between the new text and its source(s). Specifically, plagiarism involves a writer re-using propositional content and/or form of expression from another text without adequately signalling that relationship to the reader, and with an intention to mislead the reader about that relationship. The first part, “plagiarism is a form of academic dishonesty,” is not relevant here, in that it positions plagiarism as a subset of a larger category, rather than offering distinguishing criteria...
eBook - ePubUsing Sources Effectively
Strengthening Your Writing and Avoiding Plagiarism
- Robert Harris(Author)
- 2017(Publication Date)
- Routledge(Publisher)
...Therefore, we will begin with this definition: Plagiarism occurs when an information source is not properly credited. As you read and contemplate this brief definition, think about some of the implications. Specifically, note the following. An information source includes much more than just words. As you’ll soon see, information sources include photographs, videos, and computer code. Plagiarism is often unintentional. Thus, it is not defined only as the intentional failure to credit an information source. A source may be credited, but improperly credited. Thus, there may still be plagiarism even though a citation is present. Copyright is irrelevant. The definition does not mention the legal status (copyright, public domain, permission to use, etc.) of the information because those elements are not relevant to the plagiarism issue. The location and format of the source are irrelevant. The source of the information (such as the Internet) has no bearing on the need to cite, nor does the form it takes—ink on paper, pixels on a screen, words spoken. Intentional Plagiarism This is the kind of plagiarism most people think of when the subject is brought up: deliberate cheating on an assignment by copying a few sentences, a few paragraphs, or even an entire paper without quoting or citing the source. It is no secret to students—or to their instructors—that entire research papers are available both free and for sale on the Web, that journal articles can be copied from electronic databases, and that some students share their papers with each other...
eBook - ePub- Claire Boyd(Author)
- 2014(Publication Date)
- Wiley-Blackwell(Publisher)
...Chapter 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PLAGIARISM AND REFERENCING LEARNING OUTCOMES By the end of this chapter you will have an understanding of how to avoid plagiarism and how to reference correctly. Plagiarism is using someone else’s work, words, ideas or thinking in your own assignment or work and failing to give a reference or credit to that person. In short, it is passing off the work of others as your own, however unintentionally. Plagiarism, whether accidental or deliberate, can invoke penalties. At the very least you can be given a mark of zero for plagiarism. In the most severe circumstances you may be removed from your course or even prosecuted. Activity 7.1 What acts does the term plagiarism cover? Give four examples. Copying Copying could mean submitting someone else’s work as your own. This can be from a book, the internet, a fellow student, a previous student or a student from another university. It also includes copying parts of, for example, a book or newspaper article, and not providing a reference. Failing to Reference Quotes Quotes are the direct words from a source, be it from a book, journal or website, and includes quotes that a tutor gives you during a lecture...
