CSS
CSS, or Cascading Style Sheets, is a language used for describing the presentation of a document written in HTML or XML. It controls the layout, colors, fonts, and other visual aspects of a web page, allowing for the separation of content from design. CSS is essential for creating visually appealing and user-friendly websites.
7 Key excerpts on "CSS"
eBook - ePub- Mike McGrath(Author)
- 2020(Publication Date)
- In Easy Steps Limited(Publisher)
...HTML tags would continue to control the structure but presentational aspects would now be controlled by “style rules” written in the Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) language. Besides distinguishing between structural and presentational aspects of a document, the CSS solution brings these additional benefits: • Easier maintenance – a single style sheet can control multiple HTML documents, so changing appearance across an entire website is possible by editing just one style sheet. • Smaller file sizes – removal of all presentational markup from HTML produces smaller files, which download faster. • Greater control – margins, borders, padding, background color and background images to any HTML element, and the appearance of certain parts of the interface, such as the cursor, can now be specified. The latest CSS specification (CSS3) is divided into modules that allow enhancements such as rounded borders, drop-shadows, gradient color-fills and animation effects – these and more are demonstrated by example in this book. The W3C is an international consortium whose members work together to develop web standards. The CSS home page can be found on the W3C website at www.w3.org/Style/CSS The term “Cascading” in CSS describes the manner in which style rules can fall from one style sheet to another. The cascade determines which style rule will have precedence over others and be the one applied to the selected HTML element. There are three basic types of style sheet that can specify style rules to be applied to HTML elements: • Browser (default) style sheet – browsers employ an intrinsic set of style rules that they apply to all web pages by default...
- Hassen Ben Rebah, Hafedh Boukthir, Antoine Chedebois(Authors)
- 2021(Publication Date)
- Wiley-ISTE(Publisher)
...3 Style Sheets: CSS3 Style Sheets: CSS3 CSS – Cascading Style Sheets – is commonly used to format HTML-type web pages using display properties (colors, fonts, borders, etc.) and positioning properties (height, width, top-down, side-by-side, etc.). The display result of a web page can be completely changed without adding additional code to the web page. Indeed, the main purpose of style sheets is to separate the content of the page from its visual appearance. This approach makes it possible to: – avoid repeating the same formatting code in each web page; – employ common styles, using clear names (e.g. employing the same shaded style for images or text); – modify the appearance of an entire website by changing only one single file (the style sheet); – understand the code of the web page. It should be noted that CSS is part of the standards published by W3C (World Wide Web Consortium). 3.1. Overview 3.1.1. Origins of CSS3 3.1.1.1. CSS1: arduous adaptations in the battle of the browsers The final specification of CSS1 was revealed on December 17, 1996, presenting 50 properties. The W3C definition of CSS1 is a “simple style sheet mechanism that allows authors and readers to attach styles to the HTML document” 1. In order to facilitate the task for web developers, CSS1 is a language that can be easily read and written immediately by its human users, and it features a lexicon consistent with common uses in computer publishing. 3.1.1.2. CSS2: hasty ambitions CSS was assigned in 1997 to a new working team within the W3C, led by Chris Lilley, in order to meet the requirements not covered by the first CSS1 specification...
eBook - ePub- Sean McManus(Author)
- 2014(Publication Date)
- In Easy Steps Limited(Publisher)
...Another term that is used is progressive enhancement: providing additional presentation features for browsers that support them, but ensuring there is still a good visitor experience for those that don’t. CSS is short for cascading style sheets. The idea is that you put all the instructions for the design of your web page into a separate document called a style sheet. That single style sheet can be shared by lots of different web pages. It is possible to put style instructions into your HTML file, but it’s better to separate your content and design for several reasons: • When it’s time to refresh your site’s look, you won’t have to trawl through all your HTML files – just update your style sheet and the design across your whole site will change. • It’s easier to edit your HTML page content, too, because it’s not cluttered up with layout and design instructions. • You can easily define style sheets for different media (such as print and screen). This means you can use the same HTML to deliver web pages that are optimized for different devices. • Removing the style from your HTML pages makes them smaller, and the style sheet can be cached for use across your site. That means the site will download more quickly because visitors won’t need to download the same layout instructions in different web pages. • Your design is more likely to degrade gracefully if you use style sheets and structural HTML. It might not look great on an ancient browser, but it should still work okay. • Users can specify their own style sheet to use on your page (in IE, go to Tools/Options/Accessibility), so they can customize their experience of your site. This could be particularly valuable for those using assistive technology, such as screenreaders or Braille screens. • Using style sheets makes it easier to enforce a consistent design across a whole web page and a whole website...
eBook - ePub- Rob Huddleston(Author)
- 2010(Publication Date)
- Visual(Publisher)
...Chapter 4: Formatting Your Pages Web pages rely on another language, known as Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), to apply formatting. This chapter introduces you to the language and allows you to start making your pages more beautiful. Introduction to CSS Create an Embedded Style Sheet Understanding Units of Measurement Set the Font and Text Size on Your Page Understanding Color on the Web Determine a Color Scheme Using Kuler Set Text Color Set a Background Color Add a Background Image Control Background Image Tiling Position Background Images Apply Additional Text Formatting Indent and Align Text Apply Spacing with Padding Control Whitespace with Margins Specify Widths Add Borders Introduction to CSS H TML is a language designed to define the structure of a document. As it evolved, tags were added to HTML to handle formatting, but these were difficult to work with, difficult to edit, and added considerably to the page’s file size. Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) was introduced both to solve all of these issues as well add additional formatting controls. With CSS, you can change your text properties, control the spacing between elements on your page, draw borders, add images, and much more. You can use CSS to format any Web page, regardless of the version of HTML or XHTML you are using. Writing CSS Like HTML, CSS documents are plain text and can be written in any text editor. Modern HTML editors include support for CSS as well, so the editor in which you are writing your HTML should also work for your CSS. CSS Syntax The syntax of CSS is quite a bit different from HTML. CSS documents are made up of a series of rules. Each rule includes a selector and a declaration. Selectors are case-sensitive, whereas the values and properties that make up declarations are not. Like HTML, CSS is whitespace-insensitive. Selectors Selectors define the parts of the HTML document to which the rules will apply...
eBook - ePubWriting for the Web
Composing, Coding, and Constructing Web Sites
- J.D. Applen(Author)
- 2013(Publication Date)
- Routledge(Publisher)
...Chapter 3 Cascading style sheets Chapter overview Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) work in concert with HTML to more precisely define the style values we have been working with. In this chapter we will learn the basic syntax of this technology. We will apply CSS at the internal, inline, and external level and see how it can modify the style elements of entire Web sites much more efficiently than HTML can by itself. Additionally, we will devote a significant amount of time to describing how CSS can be used in layout design. CSS Cascading Style Sheets give us more style choices for our Web sites. Traditional HTML tags can specify some choices in fonts and colors, for example, but CSS expands on these choices. CSS also allows us to control the style across a number of HTML files with greater ease. We can have one external style sheet that covers many separate HTML files for one large Web site reference, and when we change any of the style sheet specifications on the external style sheet, all the HTML files, because they refer to and are thus controlled by this one external style sheet, change accordingly. For instance, if you were a Web page architect and you just produced a very large Web site of some hundreds of separate yet interlinked HTML files for a large organization or corporate client, and the corporate client did not like the color combination of the font relative to the background color, you would not have to make changes in every HTML file. Instead, you would just change the font color and background color values on a single style sheet that all of your HTML files are linked to. To be clear, external style sheets do not have any content...
eBook - ePub- Michael Arguin, Greg Heald(Authors)
- 2013(Publication Date)
- Wiley(Publisher)
...CSS is a simple language that works alongside HTML to apply formatting to content in web pages, such as text, images, tables, and form elements. Developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), CSS creates rules, or style instructions, that elements on your page follow. There are three locations for CSS: (1) An internal style sheet where the styles are located directly within the <head> section of an HTML document, (2) inline styles (the CSS is located side by side with your HTML tags), or (3) An external style sheet where styles are located in an external file that can be linked to any number of HTML pages. If you completed Lesson 3, “Adding Text and Images,” you have had experience with the first option. A style sheet is a collection of CSS rules; typically, rules that belong to a specific project, theme, or section are grouped together, but you can group rules in any way you want. You can place styles directly within your page using the <style> tag or in an external.CSS file that is linked to your document with the <link> tag. A single page or set of pages can use several style sheets at once. You can apply CSS rules selectively to any number of elements on a page, or use them to modify the appearance of an existing HTML tag. Each CSS rule is composed of one or more declarations. A declaration contains both a property and a value. Examples of properties include color, width, and font size. Examples of values for these properties are green, 450px, and 12px, respectively. Dreamweaver’s CSS Styles panel lets you easily view and modify any of these properties and values and change the appearance of your page in real time. This sample rule is composed of three declarations that control the color, typeface, and size of any text to which it’s applied...
eBook - ePubConfident Web Design
Master the Fundamentals of Website Creation and Supercharge Your Career
- Kenny Wood(Author)
- 2018(Publication Date)
- Kogan Page(Publisher)
...PART TWO CSS In the previous section we discussed the important role that HTML plays in the creation of a website. We even built our own HTML webpage making use of the various tags that form the core of all websites we see in production today. You might have noticed that up until this point, the webpage we have created is looking rather on the basic side. A far cry from some of the more visually stimulating websites we all use on a daily basis. Well, this is where CSS (cascading style sheets) come into play. CSS is responsible for styling the HTML that we write. It has the power to take our bland website and turn it into a beautifully constructed masterpiece. CSS can completely transform a website without needing to alter the HTML at all. In Figure 4.1 we can see three webpages with completely different styles. They are almost indistinguishable from one another. Their HTML is identical, but their CSS is vastly different. This example should help you to start to understand the power and flexibility of CSS. 4.1 This section will see us through the journey of understating the link between HTML and CSS and the possibilities that CSS affords us when creating a visual style for our webpages. We will explore how CSS works at a basic level, and its relationship with HTML...
