Internet Exchange Points

3 Key excerpts on "Internet Exchange Points"

• 

  No longer available |Learn more

  Asia-Pacific Sustainable Development Journal 2021, Issue No. 2

  • Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific(Author)
  • 2022(Publication Date)
  • United Nations Publications

    (Publisher)

  For further details, refer to www.broadbandcommission.org/broadband-targets/. Estimating the effects of Internet Exchange Points on fixed-broadband speed and latency 41 A national Internet exchange point (IXP) facilitates access of users to online services and improves the affordability and quality of Internet services. It is a physical location where different Internet provider networks connect to exchange traffic with each other using a copper or fibre-optic cable through one or more Ethernet switches or servers (Internet Society, 2014, p. 6). The key role of a national IXP is to improve the national Internet traffic network performance (Internet speed in Kbps and latency – delay it takes to send digital information 5 from one point to another in milliseconds (ms), by keeping local Internet traffic local and to reduce the costs (transit price (US$/Mbps)) associated with traffic exchange between networks. A national IXP significantly improves the efficiency of Internet traffic, resulting in cost savings. This is made possible by eliminating the routing of Internet traffic through expensive long-distance traffic routes outside the country before returning back to the country. Consolidating national traffic from different networks significantly improves national Internet traffic network management and eliminates the need for multiple physical links between local network operators and international operators. In addition, download speed for websites improves significantly, thereby encouraging the development of new local content and services and providing opportunities for productive use of Internet for other purposes (for example, e-commerce or e-government services). 6 Past research literature (mostly from the technology side) has pointed to the positive effects of IXPs on improving Internet speed and latency.

  Sign up to read

  Learn more about book
• 

  eBook - PDF

  Network Routing

  Algorithms, Protocols, and Architectures

  • (Author)
  • 2010(Publication Date)
  • Morgan Kaufmann

    (Publisher)

  292 9.3 Current Architectural View of the Internet ISPs are directly connected to each other through private peering while they are also part of the common exchange points with two other ISPs. For example, this would be a scenario where two tier n ISPs that have private peering as well as public peering would use the AS-path count to choose the private peering as the better path since they can use the exchange point as another AS in the path length between them. It may be noted that private network exchange points are also possible. Exchange points provide physical connectivity to customers using technologies such as Gigabit Ethernet, ATM, and SONET, where customers’ routers for connectivity are collocated in the same physical facility. Mostly, exchange point provides a meeting place for layer 2 con-nectivity. Layer 2 connectivity can give the impression that a simple Ethernet environment with every ISP’s router attached to this Ethernet facility is probably sufficient. The difficulty is that the sheer volume of traffic each ISP generates is so high that such a simple environ-ment is not possible in practice. Thus, you see a combination of sophisticated technologies with functionalities for peer management at most of the exchange points. In any case, at an exchange point, each ISP’s BGP speaker can set up a BGP session to all other ISPs that have a BGP speaker collocated. In recent years, some exchange points have become popular for content delivery network providers since they can be directly connected to various major ISPs. It is important to note that exchanges points have fairly well-defined policies while such policies can vary from one exchange point to another and certainly can evolve over time.

  Sign up to read

  Learn more about book
• 

  eBook - PDF

  OECD Communications Outlook 2013

  • OECD(Author)
  • 2013(Publication Date)
  • OECD

    (Publisher)

  In principle, a peering relationship can be established at any location where two networks meet. However, most peers meet at data centres at the conflux of multiple networks. Direct interconnections between networks are known as private peering . Another way to interconnect is over a central switch managed by a third party, often an independent organisation or association. These organisations are located at Internet Exchange Points (IXPs). Peering at an IXP is known as public peering . Even when networks engage in public peering, they may reserve private peering for peers with larger traffic volumes. As of 2012, IXPs exist in all OECD countries after Mexico established one in November 2012. IXPs benefit peers by allowing each one to connect to a large number of other peers using just one fibre and one interface, whereas direct interconnections require an interface per peer. Public peering is more prevalent in Europe, whereas private peering is used more in North America, largely as a result of historical factors in the development of the Internet. Clear network effects are visible at peering locations: the presence of more networks facilitates peering with a larger volume of traffic, which in turn makes the peering location more attractive. In a 2011 survey by Packet Clearing House, 142 210 peering relationships were identified among 4 331 ISP networks in 96 countries. Of these peering relationships, 141 512 (99.51%) were “handshake” agreements in which the parties agreed to commonly 5. INTERNET INFRASTRUCTURE OECD COMMUNICATIONS OUTLOOK 2013 © OECD 2013 143 understood terms without creating a written document. This shows that peering is a well-understood relationship on the Internet. Many IXPs employ a route server on which networks can announce for which routes they always accept peering, allowing automatic configuration of peering relationships without need for human interaction.

  Sign up to read

  Learn more about book