Aquaculture
Aquaculture is the practice of cultivating aquatic organisms such as fish, shellfish, and seaweed in controlled environments. It involves the breeding, rearing, and harvesting of these organisms in ponds, tanks, or ocean enclosures. Aquaculture plays a significant role in providing food security, supporting livelihoods, and reducing pressure on wild fish populations.
8 Key excerpts on "Aquaculture"
eBook - ePub- Elizabeth R. DeSombre, J. Samuel Barkin(Authors)
- 2013(Publication Date)
- Polity(Publisher)
...CHAPTER FIVE Aquaculture Aquaculture is the technical term for fish farming. It is not a new phenomenon – on the contrary, it has been around for millennia. But it has expanded rapidly over the past few decades, both in the volume of fish farmed, and in the breadth of species farmed. The proportion of the world’s total seafood production accounted for by Aquaculture increased from 13 percent to more than 35 percent in the period between 1990 and 2007. 1 With the production of the global capture fishery having peaked at a little over 90 million tonnes a year, all of the growth in global production of seafood comes from the rapidly growing Aquaculture sector. To the extent that global capture fisheries are at or near (or even beyond) their maximum sustainable yield, future growth in the supply of fish and other seafood can be expected to come exclusively from Aquaculture. This sector is dominated by developing countries. China alone accounts for almost two-thirds of the global total Aquaculture production as measured by weight (although under half by value), and the top five Aquaculture producers globally – India, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Thailand follow China – are all developing countries (again by weight; measured by value Japan comes in fifth). 2 A large majority of the world’s fish farming happens in Asia – almost nine-tenths by weight, and about three-quarters by value. The differences between weight and value are caused by the different kinds of Aquaculture practiced in different places. Most of the fish farmed in Europe and North America are species that have a high price per weight, such as salmon and oysters, whereas much of the Aquaculture in Asia is of lower-value species such as carp, grown with less capital for a more local market. The range of activities undertaken under the heading of Aquaculture, and the range of scales on which it is practiced, is as broad as for capture fisheries...
eBook - ePubThe Politics of Aquaculture
Sustainability Interdependence, Territory and Regulation in Fish Farming
- Caitríona Carter(Author)
- 2018(Publication Date)
- Routledge(Publisher)
...1 Sustainability interdependence Aquaculture, sustainability, territory, regulation and knowledge Introduction European fish farming Aquaculture – the farming of fish in the sea or in freshwater – is not an industry with which most people are particularly familiar. Yet the recent growth of this industry is crystallising fundamental questions exercising society and which speak to everyday concerns. As well as ocean health, biodiversity and local food security, fish farming Aquaculture touches on coastal management, tourism and natural heritage. In our changing world, this industry promises a lot. Yet this promise has been hotly contested. Indeed, although fish farming has existed for centuries in some parts of the world where its practices have been naturalised as traditional and cultural (Gibbs, 2009), its recent intensive growth following biotechnological innovation 1 has launched new debates on the purpose and outcomes of this industry. Deep tensions splice these debates: on fish farming’s environmental impact, on its consequences for coastal and rural economies and natural landscapes, and on its contribution to food and fish sustainability. In this context, a large scholarship has grown up around fish farming’s general controversies and especially within the domains of ecology, fish nutrition, animal health and welfare, human health, economics and policy sciences. More recently, important contributions have also come from political economy, sociology, human geography, anthropology and law. 2 This scholarship has framed, participated in and indeed perpetuated debates on fish farming’s very purpose. Strong images and ways of thinking about this industry have been built through this research, which has contributed to the analysis of numerous ecological, technological, market and policy issues linked to this industry on a global scale. Whereas a multitude of disciplines have invested in fish farming Aquaculture, this has not been the case for political science...
eBook - ePubSustainable Blue Revolution in India
Way Forward
- Latha Shenoy, Shridhar Rajpathak(Authors)
- 2021(Publication Date)
- CRC Press(Publisher)
...It also has great potential as a source of foreign currency. Greater support for R&D with intense links between research and development agencies, increased investment in fish and shrimp hatcheries, establishment of Aquaculture farms, crushers and auxiliary industries have all been identified as important areas to maintain the growth rate of the sector. Ecological Aquaculture has been seen as a driver of rural development, and of food and nutritional security for the rural masses. It also has great potential as a source of foreign currency. Aquaculture Practices Based on Culture Practices Extensive Aquaculture Extensive Aquaculture involves low degree of control over environment, nutrition, predators, competitors, and disease-causing agents. Plant and animal seed stock is obtained from nature. Cost, technology, stocking rates, and production levels are low. Semi Intensive Aquaculture Semi-intensive Aquaculture involves a combination of some attributes of extensive and intensive Aquaculture. It is usually done in man-made ponds and raceways. Cost, technology, stocking rate and production levels are all intermediate. Intensive Aquaculture Intensive Aquaculture involves high degree of control over the systems. Seed stock is produced from domestic brood stock within the system. Cost, technology, stocking density, and production levels are all high. Based on Species to be Cultured Monoculture: Culture of one species in Extensive, intensive, or semi-intensive condition Polyculture: Culture of multiple species usually under semi-intensive condition Integrated farming: Integration occurs when outputs (usually by-products) of one production sub-system are used as inputs by another, within the farm unit (Semi-intensive system) Based on Salinity Freshwater Aquaculture The freshwater Aquaculture comprises of the culture of carps, catfishes, freshwater prawns, pangasius, and tilapia...
eBook - ePub- John J. Mosig(Author)
- 1998(Publication Date)
- Landlinks Press(Publisher)
...CHAPTER 3 The Principles of Aquaculture In the Northern Hemisphere, fish form a large proportion of the diet, and the fishing fleets that have been putting to sea for centuries are the basis an enormous industry. It was only natural that fish farming would follow the pattern of domestication of other animals once hunted for food. Australians, until recently (and apart from the Friday night fish and chips) have not been great consumers of sea food. Nor does Australia have a strong fishing industry. The absence of a commercial fishing culture has led Australia to adopt a piecemeal approach to Aquaculture but bit by bit we are getting it right. Trout and oyster Aquaculture is well established and the salmon, prawn and barramundi industries, after pouring hundreds of millions of dollars into infrastructure and adapting the northern hemisphere technology to suit Australian conditions, are now regularly producing a quality product. But the native fish Aquacultures, including yabby production, lag behind. Most of the yabbies marketed in eastern Australia are supplied by wild fisheries in New South Wales and the farm dam harvesting network in Western Australia. Only a small percentage are supplied from Aquaculture. On this basis it could be argued that yabbies are not suitable for Aquaculture, but individual pond yields of more than two tonnes per hectare, and redclaw yields from Queensland of twice that, refute this assumption; A lack of awareness of the basic principles of Aquaculture is holding back the development of yabby farming. In this chapter these basic principles will be outlined. Relationship between control and production Aquaculture is the controlled production of aquatic organisms; the greater the control, the greater the production. For ease of management, the functions of Aquaculture can be divided into different areas. The level of efficiency in any one area will determine the level of efficiency of the whole operation...
eBook - ePub- Manuela Oliveira, Joana Robalo, Fernando Bernardo(Authors)
- 2016(Publication Date)
- Bentham Science Publishers(Publisher)
...Introduction to Aquaculture Paula Cruz e Silva * Direção de Serviço De Alimentação e Veterinária, Avenida do Mar e das Comunidades Madeirenses, n° 23, 2° andar, 9000-054 Funchal, Portugal Abstract Farmed fish have been produced for more than four thousand years, but the most significant developments only arise in the last 50 years. Nowadays, fish and crustacean obtained in Aquaculture systems represent almost 45% of all the fish products placed in the global market, about 160 million tons. Aquaculture involves human intervention in the life cycle of the cultivated organisms, and requires special techniques applied to housing, reproduction, feeding, fattening, healthcare and package to market distribution. The fish farms location depends on the species, space availability, climatic characteristics and environmental impacts. Most common regimes of exploitation are intensive, especially when they are intended for productions to be placed on the global market. Different production systems have distinct requirements in terms of ecological, reproductive and sanitary management, and their control is mandatory for the economic success of the Aquaculture system. Health management is a key issue for the success of animal exploitation system. Keywords: Aquaculture in ponds and raceways, Diseases diagnosis, Fish growing and fattening, Fish necropsy, Hatchery systems, Open-water Aquaculture, Treatment and prophylaxis. * Address correspondence to Paula Cruz e Silva: Direção de Serviço De Alimentação e Veterinária, Avenida do Mar e das Comunidades Madeirenses, n° 23, 2° andar, 9000-054 Funchal, Portugal; E-mail: [email protected] Practical Notions for Aquaculture Establishment One of the primordial factors to establish sustainable fish farm activities is the selection of place for its implantation. Aquaculture structures may be located in land, by the seashore, inshore and offshore (marine Aquaculture)...
eBook - ePubPrinciples of Sustainable Aquaculture
Promoting Social, Economic and Environmental Resilience
- Stuart W. Bunting(Author)
- 2013(Publication Date)
- Routledge(Publisher)
...Commercialisation, often considered synonymous with ruthlessly pursuing financial gain irrespective of social and environmental costs, is regarded as an attendant threat for small-scale producers. It would be impossible for producers, however, to pay off debts and reinvest in their enterprise without a surplus for sale. Large-scale, export-oriented operations can provide livelihoods and income generating opportunities. For example, commercial shrimp farming development in Bangladesh was credited with empowering women through employment in the processing sector. Aquaculture has been promoted in Europe in remote and rural areas to provide employment and compensate for employment loss owing to declines in land-based industries and capture fisheries. Productivity enhancement and mechanisation in sectors such as the Scottish salmon farming sector, for example, have resulted in significant efficiency gains and consequently reduced labour requirements (Muir, 2005), thus calling into question the reasoning behind such developments and possible leniency exercised in evaluating planning submissions and decision-making. Despite widely perceived negative trends associated with commercial Aquaculture of intensification and consolidation, Aquaculture development is still often proposed as a means to enhance poor livelihoods, promote social-economic resilience and make more efficient use of accessible, often waste resources. Waterscape and landscape restoration Options for wastewater management are severely limited with open culture systems such as cages and pens. Consequently, strategies have been proposed that aim to manage and mitigate nutrient discharges in particular within receiving water bodies. Secondary enclosures stocked with fish and positioned beneath or around cage facilities have been recommended to ameliorate environmental impacts and sequester nutrients...
eBook - ePub- James H. Tidwell(Author)
- 2012(Publication Date)
- Wiley-Blackwell(Publisher)
...If a noxious compound gets into the water it can spread throughout the system and quickly be absorbed into the Aquacultured animal’s body. No escape. 3.2 Ecological services provided by Aquaculture production systems As this discussion shows, aquatic animals are very much “captives” of their environment. As aquaculturists we do not so much manage the animals as much as we manage their environment. That is also largely the function of the different Aquaculture systems—to manage the animals’ environment. Not only must the environment be maintained to support life but in the case of Aquaculture, it needs to be maintained in such a way as to support maximum growth rate, with maximum efficiency, and a minimum of waste. As described earlier, many factors affect the survival and growth of aquatic animals. However, a few environmental variables are fundamental and a discussion of the ways that Aquaculture systems control them is the unifying theme of this chapter and this book. Throughout the different chapters illustrations will be given on how the specific system being examined provides the cultured animal with the (1) proper temperature for growth, (2) sufficient oxygen to breathe, (3) removal of inevitable waste products, and in some cases (4) some or all of the animal’s food needs. 3.3 Diversity of Aquaculture animals Terrestrial animal agriculture relies on relatively few species. In cattle, milk and meat production utilize one (Bos taurus) and (maybe) a second species (B. indicus). In pigs, all commercial production is based on one species (Sus domestica). In poultry we have hundreds of varieties of chickens but they are all actually one species (Gallus gallus), and we also have the turkey (Meleagris ocellata). These animals are all warm-blooded and differ at the genus or class level. However, in Aquaculture we raise well over 400 species (Duarte et al. 2009), all are cold blooded, and many differ at class or even phylum level...
eBook - ePubTechnology and the Blue Economy
From Autonomous Shipping to Big Data
- Nick Lambert, Jonathan Turner, Andy Hamflett(Authors)
- 2019(Publication Date)
- Kogan Page(Publisher)
...07 Aquaculture Meeting the world’s food needs in an environmentally sound manner The tipping point came in 2009. That was the year when it was revealed that the majority of fish finding its way onto the world’s plates came from controlled farm environments, rather than being caught in the wild. Aquaculture production nearly tripled in volume between 1995 and 2007, and has continued at pace ever since. The authors of the report highlighted the public’s demand for the omega-3 fatty acids found in oily fish (believed to be good for the heart) as one of the key drivers behind this meteoric rise of farmed fish (Livescience.com, 2009), but this also aligns to the growing basic need for fish as a food source, the background to which we explore in greater detail in Chapter 10, which focuses on sustainable fisheries. However, Aquaculture deserves greater investigation, due to its growth prospects and the particular challenges and opportunities that it presents. By 2016, production from Aquaculture had reached 80 million tonnes, providing 53 per cent of all fish consumed by humans as food (Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 2018) and the World Bank estimates that the size and scale of the Aquaculture market will continue to grow until by 2030 it will account for 62 per cent of all the seafood we consume (World Bank, 2014). This is not only important news for the Blue Economy; the FAO has also pointed out that Aquaculture continues to outpace every other food production sector, growing as it has at an annual compound growth rate of nearly 6 per cent since 2010 (US Soybean Export Council, 2018); in 2016 alone, the Aquaculture sector increases production by some 4 million tonnes year on year...
