Fusion Research

2 Key excerpts on "Fusion Research"

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  eBook - ePub

  The Art And Science Of Geography

  U.s. And Soviet Perspectives

  • Vladimir V. Annenkov, George J Demko(Authors)
  • 2019(Publication Date)
  • Routledge

    (Publisher)

  Geography pursues this question in two fundamental ways — in vertical and horizontal space, each grounded in pluralism. The vertical space approach examines interactions of phenomena in places that give rise to the problem or object in question (integrative synthesis). The horizontal space approach examines the relation of the object of study to others located elsewhere (comparative synthesis). In some cases, the two approaches are combined. These questions and approaches are not exclusive to geography, just as time is not exclusively the domain of history. In practice, however, geography is the only discipline that focuses on both. Mironenko (USSR): Geosystems, that is, systems belonging to the landscape mantle, where horizontal and vertical links are observed, are the object of geographical research. These may be part of the natural system and part of the social system, but more often they are geosystems where the direct and indirect interactions of natural and social processes take place. Kagansky (USSR): While studying the surface of the earth, the geographer is interested in the variety of landscapes, both natural and cultural; their specific features; internal and external interrelations; and the laws of the spatial organization of society and its environment. This object set is studied from the perspective, and by means of, its "morphology," the pattern of visible spatial structures

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  eBook - PDF

  Physical Geography

  • James Petersen, Dorothy Sack, Robert Gabler, , James Petersen, James Petersen, Dorothy Sack, Robert Gabler(Authors)
  • 2021(Publication Date)
  • Cengage Learning EMEA

    (Publisher)

  Human geographers are concerned, for example, with such topics as population distributions, mi- gration patterns, cultural patterns, the spread of ideas, cities and urbanization, industrial and commercial location, natural re- source use, and transportation networks. As a whole, geography studies processes that influenced Earth’s physical and cultural landscapes in the past, how processes affect landscapes today, how a landscape may change in the future, and the significance of process and landscape changes over space and time. Geography is distinctive among academic disciplines in its definition, central purpose, and scope. Rather than being pri- marily associated with a single topic, such as rocks in geology, or the human mind in psychology, geographers can study any topic related to the analysis of natural or human processes on or near Earth’s surface. Because geography embraces the study of virtually any Earth phenomenon, both physical and human geography have several subdivisions. Typically, geographers specialize in one or more of these subfields (● Fig. 1.1). Geog- raphy also encompasses multiple approaches. Whereas physi- cal geographers are natural scientists and use a natural science approach, human geographers use approaches from social science or the humanities. By examining, describing, analyz- ing, and explaining cultural as well as the natural physical variables on Earth, geography is a truly integrative field of study. 1-1a Physical Geography Focuses on the Natural Earth Physical geography focuses on understanding the natural pro- cesses and features of Earth. Physical geographers, however, can- not exclude the human element because people affect, and are affected by, natural processes and features. Geographers are excel- lent observers of the world around them and generally take a holistic approach to problem solving, meaning that they are open to all factors that might be involved in the solution, including human influences.

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