Psychology
Hazan and Shaver
Hazan and Shaver are known for their research on adult romantic attachment. They proposed that the attachment styles observed in infants could be applied to adult romantic relationships. They identified three attachment styles in adults: secure, anxious-ambivalent, and avoidant, and suggested that these styles influence the way individuals approach and experience romantic relationships.
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eBook - PDF- Kanter, Jonathan W., Woods, Douglas W.(Authors)
- 1(Publication Date)
- Context Press(Publisher)
The dismissing attachment style, which results from a positive view of oneself and a negative view of others in relationship, is similar to Main’s dismissing style. People who exemplify this style of attachment tend to avoid closeness and intimacy. In addition, they tend not to value close relationships with others. Finally, Bartholomew and Horowitz suggested a fourth style, much like Main’s (2000) disorganized style. They termed this fourth attachment style “fearful,” and theorized that it results from a negative model of both self and others in relationships. They asserted that people with fearful attachment styles are highly dependent on affirmation and acceptance from others but that they avoid intimacy in order to avoid pain. Thus, they are in the difficult position of valuing and wanting closeness as well as avoiding it so as to protect themselves from rejection and pain. Hazan and Shaver (1987) linked adult romantic relationships with attachment processes. Following Bowlby, they described romantic love as a biological process which functions to keep prospective and actual parents connected so that they will provide reliable nurturance and protection for their children. Hazan and Shaver found that insecurely attached adults reported more negative thoughts and experiences of love than their securely attached counterparts. 394 Chapter 14 A Behavioral Conceptualization of Adult Attachment Relationships Like Hazan and Shaver (1987), we contend that couple relationships are contexts for attachment processes and take this as a foundation for developing our own behavioral conceptualization of attachment and its function in couple relationships. We believe that a behavioral perspective offers a compelling theoretical base from which to conceptualize the existing empirical evidence and generate new, unique, and testable hypotheses.
No longer available |Learn more- (Author)
- 2014(Publication Date)
- The English Press(Publisher)
________________________ WORLD TECHNOLOGIES ________________________ Chapter-4 Attachment in Adults Attachment in adults deals with the theory of attachment in adult romantic relation-ships. Attachment theory was extended to adult romantic relationships in the late 1980s. Four styles of attachment have been identified in adults: secure, anxious-preoccupied, dismiss-sive-avoidant, and fearful-avoidant. Investigators have explored the organization and the stability of mental working models that underlie these attachment styles. They have also explored how attachment impacts relationship outcomes and how attachment functions in relationship dynamics. Extending attachment theory John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth founded modern attachment theory on studies of children and their caregivers. Children and caregivers remained the primary focus of attachment theory for many years. Then, in the late 1980s, Cindy Hazan and Phillip Shaver applied attachment theory to adult romantic relationships. Hazan and Shaver noticed that interactions between adult romantic partners shared similarities to intera-ctions between children and caregivers. For example, romantic partners desire to be close to one another. Romantic partners feel comforted when their partners are present and anxious or lonely when their partners are absent. Romantic relationships serve as a secure base that help partners face the surprises, opportunities, and challenges life presents. Similarities such as these led Hazan and Shaver to extend attachment theory to adult romantic relationships. Of course, relationships between adult romantic partners differ in many ways from relationships between children and caregivers. The claim is not that these two kinds of relationships are identical. The claim is that the core principles of attachment theory apply to both kinds of relationships. Investigators tend to describe the core principles of attachment theory in light of their own theoretical interests.
- C. Raymond Knee, Harry T. Reis(Authors)
- 2016(Publication Date)
- Cambridge University Press(Publisher)
Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2003). The attachment behavioral system in adult- hood: Activation, psychodynamics, and interpersonal processes. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 35, pp. 53–152). San Diego, CA: Academic Press. Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2004). Security-based self-representations in adulthood: Contents and processes. In W. S. Rholes & J. A. Simpson (Eds.), Adult attachment: Theory, research, and clinical implications (pp. 159–195). New York: Guilford Press. Framework for promotion of optimal relationships 75 Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2007a). Attachment in adulthood: Structure, dynamics, and change. New York: Guilford Press. Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2007b). Boosting attachment security to promote mental health, prosocial values, and inter-group tolerance. Psychological Inquiry, 18, 139–156. Mikulincer, M., Shaver, P. R., Bar-On, N., & Sahdra, B. K. (2014). Security enhancement, self-esteem threat, and mental depletion affect provision of a safe haven and secure base to a romantic partner. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 31, 630–650. Mikulincer, M., Shaver, P. R., Sahdra, B. K., & Bar-On, N. (2013). Can security- enhancing interventions overcome psychological barriers to responsiveness in couple relationships? Attachment and Human Development, 15, 246–260. Mikulincer, M., Shaver, P. R., Sapir-Lavid, Y., & Avihou-Kanza, N. (2009). What’s inside the minds of securely and insecurely attached people? The secure-base script and its associations with attachment-style dimensions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97, 615–633. Mikulincer, M., Shaver, P. R., & Slav, K. (2006). Attachment, mental representations of others, and gratitude and forgiveness in romantic relationships. In M. Mikulincer & G. S. Goodman (Eds.), Dynamics of romantic love: Attachment, caregiving, and sex (pp. 190–215). New York: Guilford Press. Millings, A., & Walsh, J. (2009).
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