Social Sciences
International Organisations
International organizations are entities formed by countries to address global issues and promote cooperation. They serve as platforms for diplomatic negotiations, policy development, and the implementation of international agreements. These organizations can focus on a wide range of areas, including economic development, human rights, environmental protection, and security.
Written by Perlego with AI-assistance
Related key terms
1 of 5
5 Key excerpts on "International Organisations"
eBook - PDF- Jed Odermatt(Author)
- 2021(Publication Date)
- Cambridge University Press(Publisher)
1 For work on the EU in particular organizations, see R. A. Wessel & J. Odermatt (eds), Research Handbook on the European Union and International Organizations (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2019); C. Kaddous (ed), The European Union in International Organisations and Global Governance: Recent Developments (Oxford: Hart, 2015); K.-E. Jørgensen & Katie Laatikainen (eds), Routledge Handbook on the European Union and International Institutions: Performance, Policy, Power (London:Routledge, 2013). 131 In order to examine the EU’s relationship with IOs, it is useful to discuss briefly what is meant by ‘international organization’. An international organ- ization is generally described in international law as a body established by a treaty, which has states among its members. One commonly used defin- ition regards international organizations as ‘forms of co-operation (i) founded on an international agreement; (ii) having at least one organ with a will of its own; and (iii) established under international law’. 2 This legal definition places importance on the separate legal personality of the organ- ization. For the purposes of this chapter, a broader notion of international organization is used. This is because a focus on only intergovernmental organizations with legal personality would leave out a much larger array of bodies that, although not IOs from the perspective of international law, develop norms that have an effect on the EU legal order. In this sense, international organizations include more than just the intergovernmental bodies such as the United Nations, the World Trade Organization or the International Monetary Fund (IMF), but also include a vast array of inter- national bodies whose output has an effect on the EU.
eBook - PDFInternational Organizations and Lifelong Learning
From Global Agendas to Policy Diffusion
- A. Jakobi(Author)
- 2009(Publication Date)
- Palgrave Macmillan(Publisher)
Policy Development in an International Arena 31 Ways of placing issues on the agenda of organizations range from for- mal speeches or items in meetings to lobbying or professional networks. In addition, the fact that another organization devotes attention to a particular issue can have a legitimizing effect for initiating activities in further contexts; international organizations can therefore also be agenda-setters for other organizations. In the case of lifelong learn- ing, for example, early OECD activities were stimulated by a speech by Olof Palme held at an OECD meeting (Papadopoulos 1994:112–13), and activities in the 1990s were influenced by the fact that OECD staff were aware of UNESCO activities (Interview OECD). Accordingly, inter- national organizations can serve as central organizational platforms for established as well as newly emerging political issues. As such, international organizations are an important element in constructing what sociological institutionalists call the “world polity,” the increased structuration of political activity at the world level (Meyer et al. 1997a,b). International organizations channel and guide political activity; their position is central for addressing an increasing number of political issues with global implications. When addressing new political problems, for example a new environmental hazard, the already estab- lished international structuration supports the political process. Either new organizations are set up to target such political aims – existent structures are thus copied – or, if an organization with similar aims is already in existence, its mandate can be enlarged. The new governmen- tal activity can also substitute for private political activism. For example, the establishment of governmental environmental organizations has led to the decreased inception of nongovernmental environmental organizations (Meyer et al. 1997b).
eBook - PDFInternational Organizations
Politics, Law, Practice
- Ian Hurd(Author)
- 2017(Publication Date)
- Cambridge University Press(Publisher)
At times, international organizations behave like inde- pendent actors in international relations, issuing decisions, taking actions, and being talked about as if they were players in their own right. At other times, they provide a forum in which states (or others) carry out their negotiations and their diplomacy. A forum is a place rather than an actor, and there are times when even the most powerful international organiza- tions slip off their corporate personhood and become just a setting for inter- state bargaining. Finally, international organizations are also sometimes resources or tools with which states try to accomplish their goals. This is on display on those occasions where states use the organization as a source of status or legitimacy. States strive to associate themselves with organiza- tions that they think will give them status in the international community, and they work to have their causes legitimated by association with those organizations. The themes of this chapter emphasize the importance of both the legal and the political aspects of international organizations. Indeed, neither can be understood without the other. In doing so, it sets the stage for the case studies of particular international organizations which follow, and primes the argu- ment that the real-world powers and practices of international organizations are equally and at once in the domains of international law and of inter- national politics. 40 Theory, Methods, and International Organizations Further Reading A most helpful guide to studying the legal aspects of international organization is Jan Klabbers, An Introduction to International Institutional Law (Cambridge University Press, 2002). For an introduction to international legal theory, see Harold Hongju Koh, “Why Do Nations Obey International Law?” Yale Law Journal, 1997, 106: 2599–2659.
eBook - PDFInternational Organizations Revisited
Agency and Pathology in a Multipolar World
- Dennis Dijkzeul, Dirk Salomons(Authors)
- 2021(Publication Date)
- Berghahn Books(Publisher)
He has written extensively on the challenges of postconflict recovery, with fieldwork in Chad, Sudan, the DR Congo, and West Africa, as well as in the Middle East (Gaza, Jordan), Mindanao, and the Pacific Islands. NOTES 1. Compare, for example, the criticism by Glennon (2003) and the reply by Slaughter, Luck, and Hurd (2003). 2. Archer (1983: 1–3) describes how the term “international” subsumes three more specific concepts, namely, intergovernmental, transnational, and trans-governmental. NGOs, for example, are actually transnational organizations. See also Pries (2008). Multinational organizations are a form of private en-terprise that also operate transnationally. The term IO, however, is usually re-served for (not-for-profit) multilateral public organizations, as well as for civil society organizations that carry out activities across borders. In our analysis, we do not include regional (multilateral) organizations, such as the European INTRODUCTION 35 Union, ASEAN, and MERCOSUR. It would make the scope of this book too broad. Nor do we describe government- and/or party-controlled NGOs, or GONGOs, which have been created in countries such as Russia and China in an attempt to identify these with genuinely independent NGOs and benefit from their status. 3. IR scholars use the term “institution” broadly. Institutions guide or even pre-scribe the behavior of international actors. They often distinguish conven-tions, regimes, and IOs. The first two types of institutions have a rule or norm like nature. However, a norm, principle, rule, or procedure as one possible meaning of the concept “institution” is often used in this way in econom-ics and sociology, but in management and organization theory, “institution” usually means role or organization . The “norm” or “rule” type of institution is generally diffused among a large number of people. The “role or organi-zation” type is inherent to intentionally constructed human groupings.
eBook - PDF- J. Whitman(Author)
- 2009(Publication Date)
- Palgrave Macmillan(Publisher)
The stage for the drama by Inis Claude's two United Nations 2 has, over the past six decades, become increasingly crowded with a diversity of other actors who play more than bit parts. There is substantial evidence that other nonstate actors (NSAs) are increasingly salient. Numerous individuals 66 global governance as international organization 67 and institutions that are neither states nor the creation of states (that is, intergovernmental bureaucracies) contribute to and circumscribe virtu- ally every deliberation and decision by the UN and other lOs. In many ways, they could not function without nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), academics, consultants, experts, independent commissions, and other groups of individuals. 'Global Governance as International Organization' permits us to explore Edgar Grande and Louis Pauly's paths to transnational and trans-boundary governance: the establishment of new international organizations at regional and global levels, changes in existing insti- tutions and practices, and the intensification of private transnational activity. These paths of the evolution of cooperation are not completely separate from one another but interact dynamically. 3 This chapter first examines dominant theories of international rela- tions (lR) and where global governance fits. It then discusses the partici- pation, norms, and dynamics of international organizations in global governance. We use examples from two types of lOs: those with univer- sal membership and those with limited (such as regional) membership.4 Examples of the former include the UN, as well as the Bretton Woods institutions and the World Trade Organization (WTO), while examples of the latter include the European Union (EU) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and their growing involvement in issues and processes of global governance.
Index pages curate the most relevant extracts from our library of academic textbooks. They’ve been created using an in-house natural language model (NLM), each adding context and meaning to key research topics.
