Automobile
An automobile is a self-propelled vehicle that is designed for transportation. It typically runs on roads and is powered by an internal combustion engine or electric motor. Automobiles have greatly impacted transportation and society, providing convenience and mobility to individuals and goods.
4 Key excerpts on "Automobile"
eBook - ePub- Nicolas Navet, Francoise Simonot-Lion, Richard Zurawski, Nicolas Navet, Francoise Simonot-Lion(Authors)
- 2017(Publication Date)
- CRC Press(Publisher)
...3 Intelligent Vehicle Technologies Michel Parent National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Control Patrice Bodu National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Control 3.1 Introduction: Road Transport and Its Evolution Such a Wonderful Product Safety Problems Congestion Problem Energy and Emissions Conclusion and Presentation of the Chapter 3.2 New Technologies Sensor Technologies Sensor Fusion Wireless Network Technologies Intelligent Control Applications Latest Driving Assistance 3.3 Dependability Issues Introduction Fail-Safe Automotive Transportation Systems Intelligent Autodiagnostic 3.4 Fully Autonomous Car: Dream or Reality? Automated Road Vehicles Automated Road Network Automated Road Management Deployment Paths 3.5 Conclusion References 3.1 Introduction: Road Transport and Its Evolution 3.1.1 Such a Wonderful Product Throughout the twentieth century, the Automobile and its infrastructure were developed in such a way as to become the dominant mode of transport for passengers and goods in most industrialized countries. In these countries, a level of about one vehicle per person (around 800 vehicles per 1000 inhabitants) has been reached while in countries like China and India, the current level is about 25 vehicles per 1000 inhabitants but growing all the time [ 1 ]. We can therefore say that the Automobile has probably been the most successful and influential product of the twentieth century. It has created an enormous industry worldwide; it has changed the lives of millions of people and also changed the way cities are organized. However, this extreme growth has brought about several problems that we now have to face. The problems mostly concern the safety, the congestion of infrastructures, and the energy needed for all these vehicles...
eBook - ePub- Julian Happian-Smith(Author)
- 2001(Publication Date)
- Butterworth-Heinemann(Publisher)
...1 Automotive engineering development R.H. Barnard, PhD, CEng, FRAeS The aim of this chapter is to : • Introduce the wide range of skills required for vehicle design and manufacture; • Briefly set the historical scene and development of vehicles and their design; • Introduce the vast range of possibilities for vehicle design; • Demonstrate the interactivity of processes within the design and manufacture of vehicles. 1.1 Introduction In the development of the motor vehicle, there are three readily identifiable groups of activities. • technical innovation and refinement • construction, configuration and styling • methods of production, and manufacturing systems. To the layman, the most obvious aspects of progress are technical innovations and styling changes, but from a professional engineering viewpoint, the major achievements lie as much in the areas of refinement and systems of manufacture. Innovations can be important in giving manufacturers a competitive advantage, but new ideas often make their debut many decades before they are widely adopted. It is the processes of refinement and production development that make new technical features reliable and cheap enough for use in mass-produced vehicles. 1.2 Innovations and inventions Engineering history is bedevilled by rival and sometimes false claims to particular inventions. In reality, innovative developments have often been the work of several different engineers working in parallel but quite independently, and the recognized inventor is simply one whose name is well known, or who has been championed for nationalistic reasons. Many apparently new inventions are, in any case, simply adaptations from different technologies. The differential mechanism, for example, was used by watchmakers before being adapted for automotive purposes. It is frequently difficult to trace the earliest examples of the use of a particular device or mechanism. J...
eBook - ePub- Pierluigi Coppola, Domokos Esztergár-Kiss(Authors)
- 2019(Publication Date)
- Elsevier(Publisher)
...Digitalization has been made possible by the widespread diffusion of devices for processing, gathering, and exchanging information among users and service providers. Digital and intelligent mobility is enabled by users' smartphones, by in-vehicle localization sensors and telecommunication components, and by infrastructure devices for detecting and monitoring traffic conditions. These altogether create a huge amount of data (big data), which is the primary source for using Artificial Intelligence (AI) in transport, allowing computers to perform activities (such as driving) for humans. Research in the field of vehicle technological innovation focused on three main areas: electrification, connectivity, and automation. While electrification is already at an advanced state of implementation, connectivity is a mature technology that is little used, and automation is not yet commercialized but has been experimented with in some pilot initiatives (Fulton et al., 2017). In fact, there are already electric vehicles on the roads, equipped with some degree of connectivity (even if exclusively for in-vehicle communications), and with assisted-driving features but with no autonomous driving functions. Considerable support to the diffusion of these technologies can come also from the digitalization of the infrastructure. Future mobility will come when all these technological innovations will work together as a single system, on the same vehicle, revolutionizing the vision of transport as we see it today. Typically, Electric Vehicles (EVs) refers to vehicles that use energy from their own battery (thus excluding hybrid vehicles). Studies show that EVs bring great benefits for the environment by eliminating local emissions of polluting agents and climate-altering gases, as well as by a significant global decrease of emissions for electricity production, if this comes from renewable sources (Anderson et al., 2014)...
eBook - ePubIndustry 4.0
A Glocal Perspective
- Jerzy Duda, Aleksandra Gąsior(Authors)
- 2021(Publication Date)
- Routledge(Publisher)
...For this purpose, it would be advisable for the user of autonomous vehicles to realize the following actions: Defining a permanent route for automated transport; Testing different models of vehicles to determine which of them best perform transport tasks on a defined route in “standard” automated driving settings; Selecting a specific model of the vehicle and conducting tests on a defined route, focusing on identifying any missing information that precludes the automated driving system making optimal decisions; Equipping the route with the appropriate infrastructure that enables the vehicle control system to obtain the greatest amount of valuable information; Optimally configuring the vehicle control system for the defined route. The above sequence of actions requires the cooperation of the fleet user with the vehicle manufacturer as well as the road administrator. It also requires the involvement of legislators to assure that some technical solutions may be allowed. Road transport is therefore on the right track toward the “Industry 4.0” concept, but the current level of technology used in mass-produced vehicles does not allow this as of yet. Notes 1. Based on EUROSTAT Statistics 2. SAE International—originally the Society of Automotive Engineers—is a professional organization established in 1905 that brings engineers together when dealing with, inter alia, the automotive industry. This organization standardizes equipment, such as cars and trucks. References Bansal, P., Kockelman, K. M., & Singh, A. (2016). Assessing public opinions of and interest in new vehicle technologies: An Austin perspective. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 67, 1–14. Berrada, J., & Leurent, F. (2017). Modeling transportation systems involving autonomous vehicles: State of the art. Transportation Research Procedia, 27, 215–221. Berkaya, S. K., Gunduz, H., Ozsen, O., Akinlar, C., & Gunal, S. (2016)...
