Technology & Engineering
Concrete Manufacturing
Concrete manufacturing involves the process of producing concrete, a versatile construction material made from a mixture of cement, water, and aggregates such as sand and gravel. The manufacturing process typically includes batching, mixing, transporting, and curing to create the final product. This industry plays a crucial role in infrastructure development and construction projects worldwide.
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eBook - PDF- Zongjin Li, Xiangming Zhou, Hongyan Ma, Dongshuai Hou(Authors)
- 2022(Publication Date)
- Wiley(Publisher)
CHAPTER 2 MATERIALS FOR MAKING CONCRETE Concrete is one of the most versatile and widely produced construction materials in the world (Penttala, 1997). Its worldwide annual production exceeds 12 billion metric tons, i.e., more than two metric tons of concrete was produced each year for every person on Earth in 2007. The global ever-increasing population, improving living standards, and economic development lead to an increasing demand for infrastructure development and hence concrete materials. As a composite material, concrete is composed of different graded aggregates or fillers embedded in a hardened matrix of cementitious material. The properties of major constituents of concrete mixtures, such as aggregates, cementitious materials, admixtures, and water, should be understood first to better learn the properties and performance of concrete. 2.1 AGGREGATES FOR CONCRETE Aggregates constitute the skeleton of concrete. Approximately three-quarters of the volume of conventional concrete is filled by aggregate. It is inevitable that a constituent occupying such a large percentage of the mass should contribute important properties to both the fresh and hard- ened product. Aggregate is usually viewed as an inert dispersion in the cement paste. However, strictly speaking, aggregate is not truly inert because physical, thermal, and, sometimes, chemical properties can influence the performance of concrete (Neville and Brooks, 1990). 2.1.1 Effects of Aggregates (a) Aggregate in fresh and plastic concrete: When concrete is freshly mixed, the aggregates are suspended in the cement–water–air bubble paste. The behavior of fresh concrete, such as fluidity, cohesiveness, and rheological behavior, is largely influenced by the amount, type, surface texture, and size gradation of the aggregate. The selection of aggregate has to meet the requirement of the end use, i.e., what type of structure is to be built.
eBook - PDFModern Materials
Advances in Development and Applications
- Bruce W. Gonser(Author)
- 2014(Publication Date)
- Academic Press(Publisher)
Courtesy of Sherman-Tomasso Concrete, Inc., New Britain, Connecticut. mixing plants produced in 1961 about 77% of the ready-mixed concrete supphed. 2. Selection, Transportation, and Storage of Concrete-Making Materials The properties of the finished concrete depend to an important degree on the care taken in choice of the concrete-making materials and in their transportation and storage. Specifications on concrete for perma-nent construction include standards by which sound and otherwise suitable materials can be selected from among alternative sources. Transportation and storage should be such that the materials will not become contaminated, the cement allowed to deteriorate through ex-posure, or the aggregates to segregate into erratic gradings or to vary significantly in moisture content. Improper care in these respects can result in serious defects and nonuniformity of the concrete. C O N C R E T E , AS A M O D E R N M A T E R I A L 299 T A B L E III ESTIMATED PRODUCTION OF READY-MIXED CONCRETE IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA Millions of cubic yards Year United States Canada 1953 78.0 1954 92.0 1955 107.0 1956 125.0 6.4 1957 114.0 6.8 1958 118.0 7.4 1959 130.0 8.2 1960 131.0 8.2 1961 137.0 9.3 1962 143.0 10.5 1963 154.0 10.9 1964 162.0 13.0 Sources: Mod. Concrete Mag. (Jan. 1954-65); Dominion Bureau of Statistics, Ottawa, Ontario. 3. Batching of Concrete In order that the proportions specified for the concrete are actually achieved, the quantity of each constituent entering each batch must be carefully determined. A constant batching sequence should be adopted. Currently, improvements are being made in design and construction of rapid and accurate facilities for batching of cement, aggregate, water, and admixtures.
eBook - PDFConcrete Technology: New Trends, Industrial Applications
Proceedings of the International RILEM workshop
- A. Aguado, R. Gettu, S. Shah, A. Aguado, R. Gettu, S. Shah(Authors)
- 1994(Publication Date)
- CRC Press(Publisher)
16 NEW MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY FOR HIGH QUALITY PRECAST CONCRETE COMPONENTS R. TAIVALKOSKI Partek Corporation, Helsinki, Finland Abstract The paper deals with needs of improved productivity in construction and precast concrete component production. Examples of production management systems, increased mechanization and robotisation projects are presented for production of different types of components. Keywords: Information technology, precast concrete production, productivity, robotization 1 General The nature and the needs of the construction activity can be very different in different parts of the world. Figure 1 illustrates how the development stages of the construction activity change as the share of construction in Gross National Profit decreases in course of development of the society. Figure 2, in turn, shows that among the industrialized countries, only in Japan this relation has remained on the high level of the 1960's and 70's. -Low quality • Simple new buildings -Local materials and resources • No advanced technology New environmental investments (?) STA TE OF DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL INFORMATION SOCIETY SOCIETY SOCIETY Fig. 1. Construction's share of GDP varies by the type of a country's level of development. The share diminishes as a country changes from an industrial into an information society. Source: CIB W82/Future organizations of the building process. Brainstorm. The Hague, 1991 Concrete Technology: New Trends, Industrial Applications. Edited by A. Aguado, R. Gettu and S.P. Shah. © RILEM. Published by Taylor & Francis, ISBN 0 419 20150 5. 274 Taivalkoski These different stages apply also in precast concrete construction: the indust-rialized countries of Europe are living a phase where they are moving from industrialized society to information society. The emphasis in construction is thus moving toward environmental investments. In house building, the intelligence and individuality of the buildings are common requirements.
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