DFX

3 Key excerpts on "DFX"

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  eBook - PDF

  Product Design for the Environment

  A Life Cycle Approach

  • Fabio Giudice, Guido La Rosa, Antonino Risitano(Authors)
  • 2006(Publication Date)
  • CRC Press

    (Publisher)

  Each DFX technique is characterized by methods, procedures, and models, and allows the elaboration of specific data through appropriate analytical functions. A suitable set of DFX tools can, therefore, allow 202 Product Design for the Environment specific parts of the problem to be treated separately, so that each is managed by those members of the design team most skilled in that area. This approach based on the decomposition of both the problem and the design intervention itself, as shown in Chapter 7, Section 7.2.2, is the corner-stone of modern methods of product design and can constitute an effective resource for achieving the integration between environmental and traditional necessities (Jackson et al., 1997). At the same time, it is important not to over-look the negative effect that excessively specific and separate design actions may have on the design process (Bras, 1997)—delaying or even blocking convergence on a final balanced solution (i.e., one that is effective in the widest sense, feasible and marketable). This dangerous tendency would be remedied by the highly desirable integrated and simultaneous structuring of the design intervention. 8.3.2 DFX Tools for Environmental Strategies Of the different DFX typologies, several are of particular interest in relation to the two intervention strategies for the environmental quality of the life cycle identified in Section 8.2: • Those directed at facilitating the continued functionality of the prod-uct during the phase of use, in that they favor the extension of its useful life. In this case, one speaks of Design for Maintainability and Design for Serviceability (Makino et al., 1989; Eubanks and Ishii, 1993; Gershenson and Ishii, 1993; Klement, 1993; Subramani and Dewhurst, 1993; Dewhurst and Abbatiello, 1996; Kusiak and Lee, 1997).

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  eBook - PDF

  The ASQ Certified Six Sigma Black Belt Handbook

  • Mary McShane-Vaughn(Author)
  • 2023(Publication Date)
  • ASQ Quality Press

    (Publisher)

  The concept behind design for X (DFX), where X is a variable such as cost, manufacturability, producibility, testability, maintainability, and so forth, is sim- ply that “X” becomes the focus of or constraint to the design process. Let’s look at some of the more familiar “X’s.” 748 Part IX: Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) Framework and Methodologies DESIGN FOR COST The need for design for cost (DFC) usually arises when an organization establishes a fixed design budget to become more fiscally responsible, or perhaps a major customer has dictated what it is willing to spend. As a result, the design focus is shifted from “what works” to “what works within budget.” The disciplines of value engineering and value analysis are keystones under a DFC scenario. This section will consider cost analysis from two viewpoints: purchase cost and life cycle costs. Purchase Cost In the first months after a new product is introduced, its unique features or tech- nology may determine customers’ purchase decisions. However, as a product matures, competing products tend to match technology and features. At that point cost becomes more of a determining factor in customers’ decisions. Common cost- reduction efforts focus on labor and processes but often ignore cost-reduction potential related to the design cycle. Once a product and the processes that will be used to produce it have been determined, the cost has been largely determined. Trying to make major cost reductions after that point is often futile. Therefore, Subtract profit margin Subtract warranty costs Subtract marketing costs Subtract logistics to retailer Subtract allocated development cost Target production cost for materials and labor Subtract overhead Assume development costs Assume total production Subtract retailer margin MSRP Flowchart 8% 3% 4% –5% 500,000 ÷ 100,000 = 5 30% $500,000 100,000 –25% 65.55 63.58 61.04 71.25 56.04 $39.23 75.00 $100.00 Example Figure 32.1 Flowchart for arriving at target cost.

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  eBook - ePub

  Advances in Concurrent Engineering

  CE00 Proceedings

  • Biren Prasad(Author)
  • 2023(Publication Date)
  • CRC Press

    (Publisher)

  Characteristic-based part description. Each component in a BOM, that may be an end product assembly, an intermediate subassembly, a purchased item, an elementary part, or a low-level feature, is characterized by a set of attributes and parameters. The key characteristics are incorporated with the BOM to offer the product elements in the BOM with the attributes and parameters. In general, key characteristics can be divided into several categories: geometry characteristics (shape, size, etc.), physical characteristics (weight, density, etc.), technological characteristics (tolerances, limits and fits, etc.), material properties (hardness, flexibility, etc.), and so on. Different DFX tools may require different sets of characteristics. For example, characteristics considered in Design for Assembly may include product structure, component forms and shapes, limits and fits, component orientations, component symmetry, weight and size, component rigidity, etc.
• Features in part description. A feature can be viewed as information set that refers to a variety of form and other attributes for the part, thus this set of information can be helpful for downstream business processes within the part life. The feature-based technology provides a fine approach for implementing DFX analysis by incorporating downstream considerations into the feature definition during the product design process. In our DFX project, these considerations are represented in a variety of DFX guidelines. These guidelines are manipulated and managed in the guideline system. A DFX guideline in the database is stored in patterns of feature and process. Thus the DFX platform can retrieve guidelines from the remote database by the types of feature and/or process.

4.2. Process Explorer

The process explorer is concerned with I in the PARIX model, which is used to model the interactions between product and process. In the DFX platform, this kind of interaction is represented by an activity, which is a composition of process and part. That is, an activity, or an operation, first belongs to certain type of business process, including the product development, purchasing, manufacturing and assembly, etc. Second, an activity is often related to a product element. In most cases, the product element is a part of the product.

• Hierarchical process analysis. In accordance with the hierarchical structure of the product, the process activities are also arranged into multiple levels. Take a normal gear reducer as example. The total assembly is always separated into a few levels. The first level may be the assembly of the whole gearbox, that is, assembling the spindles into the box. The second level may be the assembly of each spindle and gears along it. The process plan can be generated based on this approach, level by level, and end with the basic process activities. Types of the business of process that the activity belongs to are defined in MetaDFX according to the DFX tool. For example, the Kroll DFD employs about 10 elementary operations. Within the Hitachi AEM, assembly operations are categorized into about 20 elemental tasks. Lucas DFA tool also breaks assembly operations into a few fundamental tasks such as feeding, handling, fitting, gripping, etc. In conclusion, general description information for each process activity includes: (1) activity ID uniquely identifies the item; (2) a brief activity description; (3) part ID shows the product element subjected; (4) process ID shows the process type that the activity belongs to; and (5