Sketching Techniques

6 Key excerpts on "Sketching Techniques"

• 

  eBook - ePub

  Engineering Technologies

  Level 2

  • Mike Tooley(Author)
  • 2016(Publication Date)
  • Routledge

    (Publisher)

  UNIT

  2

  Engineering techniques

  Passage contains an image

  CHAPTER

  4

  Engineering communication

  Learning outcomes

  When you have completed this chapter you should understand the forms of communication used within engineering, including being able to:

  4.1 Draw an orthographic drawing.

  4.2 State the merits and limitations of different forms of communication:

  • verbal

  • written

  • electronic means.

  4.3 Identify basic drawing conventions, layouts and the use of sketches.

  4.4 Identify types of lines, detailing and dimensioning.

  Chapter summary

  Effective communication skills are essential for anyone working in engineering. This chapter will help you develop skills in using and interpreting information in a wide variety of forms. It aims to provide you with experience of speaking, reading and writing as well as graphical means of communication including drawing and sketching. These skills are essential not only for employment in engineering but also as a basis for further study.

  Throughout this chapter there are numerous opportunities to develop your own skills in obtaining, processing, evaluating and presenting information. In order to do this, you should be prepared to make appropriate use of IT and ICT. In the next chapter we will look at this in much greater detail.

  Learning outcome 4.1

  Draw an orthographic drawing

  Engineers rely heavily upon sketching and drawing as a means of communication. As an engineer you must be able to read and use working drawings as well as produce them using both hand-drawn and computer techniques. To avoid confusion, your engineering drawings must comply with recommended standards and conventions. You will also need to be able to read schematic diagrams such as those used in electronics, pneumatics and hydraulics. In this section we will introduce you to a common type of engineering drawing known as an orthographic drawing

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  Construction Drawings and Details for Interiors

  • Rosemary Kilmer, W. Otie Kilmer(Authors)
  • 2021(Publication Date)
  • Wiley

    (Publisher)

  DRAWING FOR IDEA GENERATION Idea generation assists the designer in working through and visualizing the solution to a problem. Designers use many different types of drawings to generate and bring to reality their creative ideas. 3 4 PART 1: Drawing Communication, Equipment, Fundamentals, and Classification Systems FIGURE 1.1. Sketching existing objects and spaces help designers develop their freehand drawing skills. These drawings can be in the form of quick freehand sketches illustrating different kinds of views (Figure 1.4). Many times, these types of drawings are not shown to clients, but are used solely to help designers shape their ideas into a visual form. The drawings are not intended to be the final solution to an idea, but rather to allow the designer to explore alternatives or refine an idea. They also help to record designers’ two- and three-dimensional thinking. These concept sketches and drawings are part of a sequence of design steps referred to as the design process (Figure 1.5). See Chapter 5 for more detailed information on “Concept Development and the Design Process.” DRAWING AS DESIGN AND PRESENTATION MEDIA Once a designer has developed an idea to a point that visual communication is needed to show it to the client or others, new drawings must be created for use as presentation media. These drawings depict the parameters of an idea in more detail yet are not totally worked out to a point that they can serve as an accurate construction guide. Design drawings can range from pictorial renderings of an idea (Figure 1.6) to more detailed plan views of a building’s interiors (Figure 1.7). In the first example, a rendering is often done as a perspective view (Chapter 4), which resembles a photograph. CHAPTER 1: Design as Communication 5 FIGURE 1.2. Designers can use their freehand drawing skills to visualize and sketch new spaces and objects.

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  Green Engineering

  Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Design

  • Riadh Habash(Author)
  • 2017(Publication Date)
  • CRC Press

    (Publisher)

  In earlier times, engineering designs were described on paper drawings. The oldest and most powerful conceptual tool is, and likely will remain, the pen(cil). Consequently, it is the most widely used tool in any conceptual work. The pen enables designers to quickly, with minimal cost and effort, try out ideas, communicate these ideas, change, and either discard or refine them. It is thus ideally suited for the early stages of design, when ideas are quick and plentiful (Knörig 2008). A good sketching tool must be barely noticeable, fast and easy, yet at the same time highly expressive. It is hard to imagine a computer-based tool that is as ready to hand as pen and paper, but the computer could add the ability to make animated or even interactive sketches, more suitable for designing interactions. However, designers make very creative and opportunistic use of the material available to them for sketching their ideas.

  Early engineering drawings were similar to artistic drawings than technical drawings in that they could be communicated to users without involving any set of rules in order to understand and eventually produce the designs. One of the famous talents of the past, Leonardo da Vinci created many inventions on drawing that demonstrates the early artistic-centric EDC. Many of Leonardo’s inventions were not realized in his time due to a variety of limitations in prototyping, simulation, and manufacturing knowledge during his life. Today, most of the drawings are in bound volumes kept in museums and libraries. Many of those documents contain written explanations that help one understands the objective of the drawings.

  The language of engineering drawings has evolved over the years into a specific methodology that certain skills and training are required to understand them. While paper and pencil were initially used to communicate design ideas, a special set of tools and aids is developed over time to make the design process faster and more accurate, a theme that continues to evolve. Schematics used to be drawn by hand, but most are now prepared using schematic editors of CAD programs that run on engineering workstations. CAD is a set of methods and tools to assist product designers in creating a geometrical representation of the artifacts. It helps to feed information between teams, organizations, and subsequent design steps including computer-aided engineering (CAE) for drafting and modeling designs and CAM for managing manufacturing processes, all by using a computer system. This challenge proposes that engineering design data be represented in a textual, human-readable language. In a typical CAD setting, the computer primarily serves as a precise drafting and visualization tool, enabling the designer to view the emerging geometry from several angles and in different projections.

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  Engineering Applications

  A Project Resource Book

  • Graham Simpson, James Ritchie(Authors)
  • 2012(Publication Date)
  • Butterworth-Heinemann

    (Publisher)

  It is the key information which drives product manufacturing and delivery. As mentioned earlier, the main form in which finalized designs are communicated in an engineering environment is through the use of engineering drawings. However, other forms of drawing are usually created before the final formal engineering drawings are created and issued for manufacture. Drawings, in many different forms, are used by all types of designers -not only engineers but also architects, product designers and graphic designers. They are used to develop ideas and concepts, to communicate these to other people and to aid the process of detailing manufacturing requirements. Drawings of all types are a communication language understandable by a wide range of people within and outside the company using them, e.g. customers, suppliers, subcontractors and workshop staff. 17 Engineering Applications Designers use all forms of drawings to communicate information, the type and style of drawing used being dependent on the stage of development of the project and the requirements of other people involved in the product design and development process. Drawings do not necessarily imply paper documents; they could also consist of computer-aided design data and information. For the purpose of EA projects the following types of drawing are recommended for the development, presentation and communication of your ideas: • sketches • layout drawings • assembly or general arrangement drawings • detailed part drawings. These are listed in the order in which they are usually created during the design process and are the most common types of drawings used during the design stage of engineering a product. In some cases you may decide to miss out the layout drawing stage and go on to the assembly and/or detail drawing stage depending on the complexity of the idea you are trying to develop. To help you understand the role of each type of drawing we will now describe examples of each.

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  Technical Drawing for Engineering Communication

  • David Goetsch, Raymond Rickman, William S. Chalk, , David Goetsch, Raymond Rickman, William S. Chalk, , David Goetsch, Raymond Rickman, William S. Chalk(Authors)
  • 2015(Publication Date)
  • Cengage Learning EMEA

    (Publisher)

  ● Design and drafting can promote good-quality competitiveness by ensuring that high quality is designed in from the outset and ensuring that all drawings accurately communicate the design. REVIEW QUESTIONS Answer the following questions either true or false. 1. A drawing is a graphic representation of an idea, a concept, or an entity that actually or potentially exists in life. 2. The old adage “a picture is worth a thousand words” is still the basis of the need for techni-cal drawings. 3. The two basic types of drawings are practical and technical. 4. Technical drawings can be subtle or abstract. 5. Artistic drawings are commonly used in the manufacturing field. 6. A good technical drawing is one that prop-erly and conveniently communicates all the information needed to transform a design into a product that meets or exceeds customer expectations. Answer the following questions by selecting the best answer. 1. Which of the following is not a component of a projection? a. Imaginary lines of sight called projectors b. Three-dimensional view SUMMARY ● Graphic communication involves using visual material to relate ideas. Drawings, sketches, slides, photographs, and transparencies are all forms of graphic communication. ● A drawing is a graphic representation of an idea, a concept, or an entity that actually or potentially exists in life. FIGURE 37 CAD image (Courtesy of Getty Images). Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. PROBLEMS Basics section 1 18 c. The eye of the viewer looking at the object d.

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  BTEC National Engineering

  • Mike Tooley, Lloyd Dingle(Authors)
  • 2010(Publication Date)
  • Routledge

    (Publisher)

  Drawings Sketches Block diagrams Flow charts Exploded views Line graphs Charts Histograms etc. Conversations Talks Lectures Interviews Phone calls etc. Body language Sign language etc. Forms of communication Figure 2.1 Forms of communication KEY POINT Methods of communication like those shown in Figure 2.1 are not mutually exclusive. Communication can be made more effective by combining different methods so that they reinforce the message or the information that you wish to convey KEY POINT The use of graphics to communicate ideas is essential for designers, engineers and draftspersons. Technical drawing are graphical representations of an idea or product that is to be processed, manufactured or constructed. Engineers use drawings to specify and transfer technical information Communications for Engineering Technicians 64 UNIT 2 Activity 2.2 Complete the table shown below by placing a tick against the applicability of different forms of communication in relation to fitting a plug to the electric cable on a portable appliance: Situation Highly applicable Possibly applicable Not applicable A written instruction sheet A verbal commentary supplied on a cassette tape A sequence of diagrams with brief text A flowchart that lists each of the steps required A videotape Copy the table into a word-processing package and then print out your work. Activity 2.3 Describe TWO forms of non-verbal communication and give examples of a situation in which each might be used. Present your work as a single A4 word-processed page. Information sources Engineers use a wide variety of information in their everyday lives. This information is derived from a variety of different sources including: ● books ● application notes ● technical reports ● data sheets and data books ● catalogues ● engineering drawings ● CD-ROM ● databases ● websites.

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