What's Behind Social Hatred

Laurie Jo Moore

• Editore: Laurie Jo Moore
• Anno: 2020
• ISBN:
  9781792329937
• Argomento: Psychology
• Categoria: Social Psychology

This book provides an analysis of the individual and social dynamics of racism and hatred, an analysis of the specific characteristics of the most malignant leaders and monsters in history as well as social analyzes of why huge populations of people have chosen to follow these monsters. Their conclusions come back to the existential issues we all face as human beings as well as the social influences perpetuated by an authoritarian patriarchy. The mechanisms of manipulation of totalistic movements are clearly described and upon reflection will be familiar to any reader.

The Monsters who have devastated civilization and murdered hundreds of millions of people have always had special advantages that allowed them to keep their subjects in a state of fear, they have controlled the media and had special access to finances, justice departments, military forces, and more often than not had secret police organizations that terrorized people to maintain control behind the scenes.

At the same time, we are facing a crisis in the world that threatens our survival. Although our societies have relied on science and reason, we have largely lost the spiritual dimension that used to unite societies of people. It is astonishing that through quantum physics and science the existence of this underlying reality has been confirmed and has given rise to incredibly powerful momentums for social change and the restoration of human dignity.

The last section of the book brings together the areas of wisdom explored and focuses especially on the role of the individual who is, after all, the only one to whom the soul is given. Each one of us is responsible for our role in society and the world. The Statue of Liberty on the East Coast was a tremendous symbol of hope for many immigrants who came to America. Annie Moore, was the first Irish immigrant to arrive. It is time that a Statue of Responsibility be built on the West Coast to acknowledge that each one of us has the responsibility of fulfilling our own personal destiny in life and facing our existential ultimate concerns.

The role of parents and society remain immensely important and these must be addressed together. Steven Pinker has shown that reason, science and humanism have, in fact, made the world a better place and we must continue these endeavors. We must strengthen our internal spiritual dimensions and both males and females must learn how to better embrace the feminine principle that allows us access to our internal world of feelings and the intuitions of our unconscious. We are being swept up into an amazing and powerful renaissance of change that has the power to restore our human dignity and this is a gift we have the choice of receiving with all our hearts.

Chapter 1

Overview of the History of Slavery

Summary by Laurie Jo Moore

History of slavery. (2019). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from:

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_slavery&oldid=926921144

Any discussion about social hatred requires a summary of the history of slavery, a topic which has been largely ignored by the education system and neglected by mental health professionals. It is with a deep sense of gratitude that I offer the following overview taken from a summary provided by Wikipedia. (The 467 references cited will not be repeated.)

Slavery varied in social, economic and legal manifestations across cultures, religions, and nations. It was rare among the hunter-gatherer populations and began to develop under conditions of social stratification as far back as 3500 BCE in the first very early civilizations such as Sumer in Mesopotamia. The Mesopotamian Code of Hammurabi (c. 1860 BCE) refers to slavery as an established institution. It became common in Europe throughout the Dark Ages and continued into the Middle Ages (476 AD-1492). The Byzantine-Ottoman Wars in Europe (14^th to 20^th Centuries) resulted in the capture of Christian slaves in large numbers. The Atlantic Slave Trade began in the 15^th Century and lasted for over 500 years. The Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, French, British, Arabs, and Americans all participated in this massive holocaust. David P. Forsythe, a historian, noted that at the beginning of the 19^th Century almost three quarters of all people were trapped in some kind of bondage with slavery or serfdom.

Slavery probably proliferated after the invention of agriculture during the Neolithic Revolution, about 11,000 years ago. It was practiced in almost every ancient civilization, including Ancient Egypt, Ancient China, the Akkadian Empire (first empire of Mesopotamia), Assyria (now northern Iraq and southeastern Turkey), Babylonia (present day Iraq), Ancient Iran, Ancient Greece, Ancient India, the Roman Empire, the Arab Islamic Caliphate and Sultanate (Supreme Religious and Political Rulers who at the dawn of the 16^th Century involved Three Empires, the Ottoman, the Safavid and the Moghul to control North Africa, Southern Europe and the Indian Subcontinent) Nubia (an area along the Nile River between Egypt and Sudan), and the pre-Columbian civilizations of the Americas.

Vikings

The Viking era began around 793 and Norse (another name for the Vikings referring to the Germanic people who settled Scandinavia during the Viking Age) raiders captured and enslaved Franks (Germanic people along the middle and lower Rhine River), Frisians (Germanic people in northwestern Germany and the coast of the Netherlands), Anglo-Saxons, and both Irish and Britonnic Celts as well as taking slaves from German, Baltic, Slavic and Latin countries. Irish slaves were sent to colonize Iceland.

Mexico, South America and Native American Indians

Slavery in Mexico dates back to the Aztecs, in South America the Incas, in Brazil the Tupinanba, in Georgia the Creek, in Native American cultures the Comanche.

China and Korea

The Han Chinese enslaved during the process of the Mongol invasion. Before the Three Kingdoms of Korea slavery was probably more important than in any other East Asian country but by the 16^th Century it was no longer necessary.

Eastern Europe

Slavery largely disappeared in Western Europe in the Middle Ages but persisted in Eastern Europe in the Byzantine Empire and Muslim world where pagan Central and Eastern Europe people along with the Caucasus and Tartary were important sources of slaves. Viking, Arab, Greek, and Radhanite Jewish were all important merchants of slavery during the Early Middle Ages.

During the Islamic invasions starting in the 8^th Century hundreds of thousands of Indians were enslaved by the invading armies.

Southeast Asia

In Southeast Asia there was a large slave class in the Khmer Empire who built Angkor Wat. One quarter to one-third of the population of some areas of Thailand and Burma were slaves between the 17^th and early 20^th Centuries.

The Philippines

In pre-Spanish Philippines slavery was practiced by the tribal Austronesian people. The neighboring Muslim states conducted slave raids along the coastal areas of Thailand and the Philippines from the 1600s to the 1800s.

Crimea

The Crimean Khanate (the northern coast of the Black Sea in Eastern Europe once part of the Soviet Union and now part of the Ukraine) frequently mounted raids on the principalities of the Danube River, Poland-Lithuania and Muscovy. Until the early 18^th Century the Crimean Khanate maintained a massive slave trade within the Ottoman Empire exporting two million slaves from Russia and Poland-Lithuania between 1500 to 1700.

Hawaii

Ancient Hawaii had a caste system and the Kauwa were the outcasts or slaves. They are believed to have been captives of war.

New Zealand Maori

Before the arrival of Europeans in New Zealand in the 1700s each Maori tribe considered itself a separate entity and prisoners of war became slaves, or were ransomed or eaten. The children of slaves remained slaves. In the early 19^th Century slavery seems to have increased.

The Africa Slave Trade

In Africa slavery was endemic and part of everyday life with court slaves, slaves in the armies, working on the land, as couriers and intermediaries and as traders. During the 16^th Century Europe became more prominent in the export of slaves from Africa to the Americas replacing the Arab world that had dominated trade before then. The Dutch imported slaves from Asia to South Africa.

The map below shows the African countries involved in the slave trade in the 13^th Century. In Senegambia between 1300 to 1900 about one-third of the population was enslaved. The same was true of the early Islamic states of Western Sudan, Ghana (750-1076), Mali (1235-1645), Segou (1712-1861) and Songhai (1275-1591). In the 19^th Century, almost half the population consisted of slaves in Sierra Leone, Duala of the Cameroon, Igbo and other regions of the lower Niger, the Kongo, the Kasanje kingdom, and Chokwe of Angola. Roughly one-third of the population were slaves in Ashanti, Yoruba, Kanem and Bornu. In Fulani jihad between 1750 and 1900 between one to two thirds of the entire population consisted of slaves. In the 19^th Century in northern Nigeria and Cameroon, a population of the Sokoto califate, half the population were slaves and the same was true in Madagascar. Up to 90% of the Arab-Swahili Zanzibar were enslaved. Slavery persisted in Ethiopia until the emperor Haile Selassie abolished it August 26, 1942. For the benefit of the Muslim countries over at least ten centuries (9^th to 19^th) Africa was bled of its human resources. Roughly four million Africans were taken across the Sahara through the Red Sea and then from Indian ports across the Atlantic, another four million through the Swahili ports of the Indian Ocean, and the other route was along the trans-Saharan caravan where nine million were taken including eleven to twenty million that were sent across the Atlantic (up to 37 million).

Prior to the 16^th Century the bulk of slaves were exported from Africa to the Arabian Peninsula and Zanzibar became the leading port. Arab slave traders would conduct raiding expeditions themselves sometime entering deep into the continent and they preferred female slaves. When the Europeans became rivals along the East Coast of Africa, the Arab traders concentrated on the overland caravan routes across the Sahara.

The Middle Passage was the name given to crossing the Atlantic endured by slaves chained in rows in the holds of ships engaged in by the Portuguese, Dutch, Danish-Norwegians, French, British and American. The peak of the Atlantic slave trade was late in the 18^th Century involving raiding expeditions into the interior of West Africa. These were usually carried out by African states including the Oyo Empire (Yoruba), Kong Empire, Kingdom of Benin, Imamate of Futa Jallon, Imamate of Futa Toro, Kingdom of Koya, Kingdom of Khasso, Kingdom of Kaabu, Fante Confederacy, Ashanti Confederacy, Aro Confederacy and the Kingdom of Dahomey. The people captured were shipped by European traders to the colonies of the New World. After the War of Spanish Succession, the United Kingdom gained a monopoly on the transport to Spanish America. Over the centuries twelve to twenty million people were transported from Africa through the Middle Passage to the Americas but also to Europe and Southern Africa.

Brazil

Slavery in Brazil was a mainstay of their economy in both mining and sugarcane production. More than one-third of all the slaves in the Atlantic Slave Trade went to Brazil (4 million, 1.5 million than any other country).

British and French Caribbean

Slavery was common in the Caribbean, the Lesser Antilles islands of Barbados, St. Kitts, Antigua, Martinique and Guadeloupe. This trade was controlled by the British and the French. England had sugar islands in the Caribbean maintained by slaves in Jamaica, Barbados, Nevis, and Antigua. The British victory in War of Spanish Succession (1702-1714) allowed England to enlarge its role in the slave trade. Queen Anne of Great Britain negotiated a secret agreement with France to obtain a thirty-year monopoly on the Spanish slave trade called the Asiento. Queen Anne would get 22.5 % and King Philip of Spain 28% of the slave trade sales to Spanish colonies from the Caribbean to Mexico as well as the British colonies in the Caribbean and North America.

The French imported approximately 13,000 Africans for slavery every year.

The United States of America

Plantation owners in the mid-1600's were recognized in Virginia, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Maryland, New York, New Jersey, and North and South Carolina.

At the time of the Civil War the slave population in the United States stood at four million. The vast majority, 95%, lived in the South and comprised one-third the population as opposed to 1% in the North. In the 1850s the central political issue was the extension of slavery into the western territories. This was opposed by the Northern states and became the cause of the Civil War. President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation order on January 1, 1863 that allowed any slave who could escape from the control of the Confederate government to become legally and actually free.

Contemporary Slavery in Africa and Islamism

Slavery is no longer legal anywhere in the world but human trafficking remains an immense problem especially in Asia where between 25-40 million people were enslaved in 2013. Slavery is epidemic in Sudan. In the Second Sudanese Civil War (1983-2005) people were taken into slavery. In the late 1990s systematic child-slavery and trafficking was prevalent on cacao plantations in West Africa. More than half a million Mauritanians, up to 20% of the population remain enslaved, many in forced labor. Slavery persists in the 21^st Century in Islamic countries.

The trading of children into sex slavery has been reported in mo...