Organocatalysis

A Green Tool for Sustainable Developments

Bimal Krishna Banik, Bubun Banerjee, Bimal Krishna Banik, Bubun Banerjee

• Editore: De Gruyter
• Anno: 2022
• ISBN:
  9783110732689
• Edizione: 1
• Argomento: Physical Sciences
• Categoria: Organic Chemistry

Organocatalysis are an important tool for greener catalytic processes due to the lack of precious metals used. This book explores different organocatalysts and their use in synthesis. Topics covered include zwitterionic imidazolium salt catalysts, asymmetric catalysts in aqueous media, beaker yeast catalysis, organocatalysts for Aldol and Michael reactions, amino acid-based organocatalysts, and Brönsted acidic surfactant organocatalysts.

1 Synthetic drives for useful drug molecules through organocatalytic methods

Bimal Krishna Banik

Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Sciences and Human Studies, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Biswa Mohan Sahoo

Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Berhampur, India

Abhishek Tiwari

Faculty of Pharmacy, IFTM University, Moradabad, India

Varsha Tiwari

Faculty of Pharmacy, IFTM University, Moradabad, India

Adya Jain

Department of Chemistry, MRK Educational Institutions, IGU, Rewari, India

Preetismita Borah

CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organization, Chandigarh, India

Abstract

The treatment of various pathological conditions in human beings involves the use of safe and efficacious drug substances. But there are different complications associated with the treatment of various disease states including drug resistance, adverse drug reactions, toxicity, etc. To minimize these problems, there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutics with suitable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. So, the organocatalytic methods are emerged as a potential synthetic tool to accelerate the design of new drug candidates with improved physicochemical and pharmacological properties, selectivity, and efficiency for the treatment of life-threatening diseases. Organocatalytic reactions refer to the chemical reaction that is accelerated by organic catalysts instead of using organometallic catalysts. Organocatalysts are more advantageous in comparison to metallic catalysts because organocatalysts are cost-effective, stable, efficient, non-toxic, readily available, and easy to handle. In addition to this, the organocatalysis method involves an eco-friendly reaction by minimizing the formation of by-products and reducing the chemical hazards. Organocatalysts are categorized into four classes such as Lewis acids, Lewis bases, Bronsted acids, and Bronsted bases. These catalysts are generally involved in various reactions mechanisms such as Aldol reaction, Diels–Alder reactions, Michael Addition and Knoevenagal reactions, etc. The utility of organocatalyst in synthetic chemistry results in the development of medicinally active compounds with diverse structural features.

Keywords: biological activity, drugs, organocatalyst, reaction, synthesis,

1.1 Introduction

Catalysts refer to the chemical substances that promote the rate of any organic reaction without affecting its equilibrium stage [1]. It acts by decreasing the activation energy of the chemical process [2]. Chemical reactions proceed in the presence of catalysts by interacting with reactants that lead to the generation of the intermediate materials which further undergo reaction to produce final products [3]. Catalysts are commonly classified based on their structure, composition, types of synthesis, and state of aggregation. According to the state of aggregation, catalysts are categorized into two types including homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts [4]. The function of homogeneous catalysts is carried out in the same phase as the reactants whereas the heterogeneous catalysts exhibit their activities in different phases than the reacting substances. Further, catalysts are categorized into different types such as organic, enzymatic, or metallic [5]. Out of these, organic catalysts or organocatalysts are more advantageous in terms of synthetic range, less toxic, economically viable, mild reaction conditions, absence of metallic substances, less polluting, robust, and stable in air and water, as shown in Table 1.1. Hence, the use of organocatalyst in the synthesis of drug mole...