Here are the Clues to guide you in your performance, your production, or your understanding of the play. The extended version of these Notes is found in Chapter 9: The secrets expanded and explained.
Note 1: Prose and verse
If every line begins with a capital letter, it is verse: “heightened” language. If the text runs on without initial capital letters for each line, it is prose: “conversational” language. Many characters speak both in prose and in verse, which is a big clue to make an acting gear change between the two:
| Romeo and Juliet (III-1) | |
| BENVOLIO: | |
| I pray thee good Mercutio lets retire, | verse |
| The day is hot, the Capulets abroad: | |
| And if we meet, we shal not scape a brawle, for now these hot dayes, is the mad blood stirring. | changes to prose |
Note 2: Iambic pentameters: masculine and feminine endings (and Alexandrines)
A standard iambic pentameter line has ten bits (usually comprising 5 lots of di-dum) and leads you to choose the last syllable. This is known as a masculine ending:
| Twelfe Night (I-1) | |
| DUKE (ORSINO): | |
| If Musicke be the food of Love, play on, | masculine |
| Richard III (I-2) | |
| LADY ANNE: | |
| For thou hast made the happy earth thy Hell: | masculine |
A feminine line has 11 bits (ending with a di-dum-di), so you weaken the end syllable, with a consequent effect on your acting choices:
| Hamlet (III-1) | |
| HAMLET: | |
| To be, or not to be, that is the Question: | feminine |
| Macbeth (II-1) | |
| MACBETH: | |
| Is this a Dagger, which I see before me, | feminine |
If there are 12 bits in the line, it is an Alexandrine; the acting note is that you are trying to cram more thoughts into the line than it will hold – play it strained, or urgently:
| Measure, For Measure (II-2) | |
| ISABELLA: | |
| Hee’s not prepar’d for death; even for our kitchins | Alexandrine |
| We kill the fowle of season: shall we serve heaven | Alexandrine |
If there are 13 bits in the line, then it is an Alexandrine with a feminine ending:
| Hamlet (I-3) | |
| LAERTES: | |
| Whereof he is the Head. Then if he sayes he loves you, | feminine Alexandrine |
If there are more bits, you should probably start counting again – or it may be prose.
Note 3: ‘ED’ and ‘’D’
Words ending with ‘ed’ should have the last two letters spoken, but if inste...