An Introduction to Sustainable Transportation
Policy, Planning and Implementation
Preston L Schiller, Jeffrey R Kenworthy
- 420 pages
- English
- ePUB (mobile friendly)
- Available on iOS & Android
An Introduction to Sustainable Transportation
Policy, Planning and Implementation
Preston L Schiller, Jeffrey R Kenworthy
About This Book
Cities around the globe struggle to create better and more equitable access to important destinations and services, all the while reducing the energy consumption and environmental impacts of mobility. An Introduction to Sustainable Transportation illustrates a new planning paradigm for sustainable transportation through case studies from around the world with hundreds of valuable resources and references, color photos, graphics and tables.
The second edition builds and expands upon the highly acclaimed first edition, with new chapters on urban design and urban, regional and intercity public transportation, as well as expanded chapters on automobile dependence and equity issues; automobile cities and the car culture; the history of sustainable and unsustainable transportation; the interrelatedness of technologies, infrastructure energy and functionalities; and public policy and public participation and exemplary places, people and programs around the globe. Among the many valuable additions are discussions of autonomous vehicles (AVs), electric vehicles (EVs), airport cities, urban fabrics, urban heat island effects and mobility as a service (MaaS). New case studies show global exemplars of sustainable transportation, including several from Asia, a case study of participative and deliberative public involvement, as well as one describing life in the Vauban ecologically planned community of Freiburg, Germany. Students in affiliated sustainability disciplines, planners, policymakers and concerned citizens will find many provides practical techniques to innovate and transform transportation.
Frequently asked questions
Information
Chapter One
A highly mobile planet and its challenges: automobile dependence, equity and inequity
Sustainable transportation, accessible transportation or sustainable mobility?
What is sustainable transportation about?
- Concerns about transportationâs burdens and the counter-productivity of much conventional highway-oriented planning began to emerge around the planet from the 1970s onward as pollution increased and the destructive effects of highway expansion upon cities attracted more attention (Stringer and Wenzel 1976; Gakenheimer 1978; Newman and Kenworthy 1989, 1999a, 2015).
- The recognition in some places that reducing traffic in cities through traffic calming (deliberately slowing personal motor vehicles, or PMVs) and pedestrianization (excluding PMVs from certain streets) had many benefits for mobility and the environment, including reductions in vehicular traffic (âtraffic evaporationâ) and traffic-related injuries, especially those of pedestrians and bicyclists, and increases in the numbers of people walking, bicycling and using public transportation.
- The growth of sustainability awareness, especially following the Brundtland Commissionâs report (WCED 1987) on sustainable development as âdevelopment which meets the needs of current generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needsâ. Many key works have emerged since, including the Millennium Development Goals from 2000,1 the new Sustainable Development Goals as well the New Urban Agenda adopted in 2016 at the Habitat III conference in Quito.2 Such broad global objectives have filtered into the sustainable transport agendas worldwide.3 There is an increasing effort globally, especially through the UN, to integrate sustainability into the mainstream of transportation policy and planning, especially as it affects climate change.4
- The growth of sustainability awareness, as well as action on issues such as climate change, has been moved forward by the crucial role of citizen participation in pushing this agenda and the especially significant increase in citizen and NGO activity, particularly since 2009 (Solnit 2015; 350.org 2016).
- meet basic access and mobility needs in ways that do not degrade the environment;
- not deplete the resource base upon which it is dependent;
- serve multiple economic and environmental goals;
- maximize efficiency in overall resource utilization;
- improve or maintain access to employment, goods and services while shortening trip lengths and/or reducing the need to travel; and
- enhance the livability and human qualities of urban regions (Schiller and Kenworthy 1999, 2003; Schiller, 2004).
Differences between sustainable transportation and business as usual
Unsustainable transportation: the magnitude of the problem
Business as usual (BAU) | Sustainable transportation (ST) |
Emphasizes mobility and quantity (more, faster, further, noisier, dispersed) | Emphasizes accessibility and quality (closer, better, slower, smaller, more compact) |
Emphasizes one mode (automobility) | Emphasizes plurality (multi-modality) |
Often lacks good connections between modes | Emphasizes interconnections (inter-modality) |
Accommodates and accepts trends | Seeks to interrupt and reverse harmful trends |
Plans and builds based on forecasts of likely demand (predict and provide) | Works backwards from a preferred vision to planning and provision (deliberate and decide) |
Expands roads to respond to travel demand | Manages transportation or mobility demand |
Ignores many social and environmental costs | Incorporates full costs; planning and provision |
Transportation planning often in âsilosâ disconnected from environmental, social and other planning areas | Emphasizes integrated planning combining transportation with other relevant areas |