Quantitative Investment Analysis

• Publisher: Wiley
• Year: 2020
• ISBN:
  9781119743644
• Edition: 4
• Topic: Business
• Subtopic: Investments & Securities
• Index: Business

Whether you are a novice investor or an experienced practitioner, Quantitative Investment Analysis, 4th Edition has something for you.

Part of the CFA Institute Investment Series, this authoritative guide is relevant the world over and will facilitate your mastery of quantitative methods and their application in todays investment process. This updated edition provides all the statistical tools and latest information you need to be a confident and knowledgeable investor. This edition expands coverage of Machine Learning algorithms and the role of Big Data in an investment context along with capstone chapters in applying these techniques to factor modeling, risk management and backtesting and simulation in investment strategies.

The authors go to great lengths to ensure an even treatment of subject matter, consistency of mathematical notation, and continuity of topic coverage that is critical to the learning process. Well suited for motivated individuals who learn on their own, as well as a general reference, this complete resource delivers clear, example-driven coverage of a wide range of quantitative methods. Inside you'll find:

• Learning outcome statements (LOS) specifying the objective of each chapter
• A diverse variety of investment-oriented examples both aligned with the LOS and reflecting the realities of todays investment world
• A wealth of practice problems, charts, tables, and graphs to clarify and reinforce the concepts and tools of quantitative investment management

You can choose to sharpen your skills by furthering your hands-on experience in the Quantitative Investment Analysis Workbook, 4th Edition (sold separately)—an essential guide containing learning outcomes and summary overview sections, along with challenging problems and solutions.

CHAPTER 1
THE TIME VALUE OF MONEY

Richard A. DeFusco, PhD, CFA

Dennis W. McLeavey, DBA, CFA

Jerald E. Pinto, PhD, CFA

David E. Runkle, PhD, CFA

LEARNING OUTCOMES

The candidate should be able to:

• interpret interest rates as required rates of return, discount rates, or opportunity costs;
• explain an interest rate as the sum of a real risk-free rate and premiums that compensate investors for bearing distinct types of risk;
• calculate and interpret the effective annual rate, given the stated annual interest rate and the frequency of compounding;
• solve time value of money problems for different frequencies of compounding;
• calculate and interpret the future value (FV) and present value (PV) of a single sum of money, an ordinary annuity, an annuity due, a perpetuity (PV only), and a series of unequal cash flows;
• demonstrate the use of a time line in modeling and solving time value of money problems.

1. INTRODUCTION

As individuals, we often face decisions that involve saving money for a future use, or borrowing money for current consumption. We then need to determine the amount we need to invest, if we are saving, or the cost of borrowing, if we are shopping for a loan. As investment analysts, much of our work also involves evaluating transactions with present and future cash flows. When we place a value on any security, for example, we are attempting to determine the worth of a stream of future cash flows. To carry out all the above tasks accurately, we must understand the mathematics of time value of money problems. Money has time value in that individuals value a given amount of money more highly the earlier it is received. Therefore, a smaller amount of money now may be equivalent in value to a larger amount received at a future date. The time value of money as a topic in investment mathematics deals with equivalence relationships between cash flows with different dates. Mastery of time value of money concepts and techniques is essential for investment analysts.

The chapter¹ is organized as follows: Section 2 introduces some terminology used throughout the chapter and supplies some economic intuition for the variables we will discuss. Section 3 tackles the problem of determining the worth at a future point in time of an amount invested today. Section 4 addresses the future worth of a series of cash flows. These two sections provide the tools for calculating the equivalent value at a future date of a single cash flow or series of cash flows. Sections 5 and 6 discuss the equivalent value today of a single future cash flow and a series of future cash flows, respectively. In Section 7, we explore how to determine other quantities of interest in time value of money problems.

2. INTEREST RATES: INTERPRETATION

In this chapter, we will continually refer to interest rates. In some cases, we assume a particular value for the interest rate; in other cases, the interest rate will be the unknown quantity we seek to determine. Before turning to the mechanics of time value of money problems, we must illustrate the underlying economic concepts. In this section, we briefly explain the meaning and interpretation of interest rates.

Time value of money concerns equivalence relationships between cash flows occurring on different dates. The idea of equivale...