Enabling Technologies for Next Generation Wireless Communications

Mohammed Usman, Mohd Wajid, Mohd Dilshad Ansari

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2020
• Print ISBN: 9780367422493
• eBook ISBN: 9781000329001
• Topic: Technology & Engineering
• Subtopic: Computer Networking
• Index: Technology & Engineering

Enabling Technologies for Next Generation Wireless Communications provides up-to-date information on emerging trends in wireless systems, their enabling technologies and their evolving application paradigms.

This book includes the latest trends and developments toward next generation wireless communications. It highlights the requirements of next generation wireless systems, limitations of existing technologies in delivering those requirements and the need to develop radical new technologies. It focuses on bringing together information on various technological developments that are enablers vital to fulfilling the requirements of future wireless communication systems and their applications. Topics discussed include spectrum issues, network planning, signal processing, transmitter, receiver, antenna technologies, channel coding, security and application of machine learning and deep learning for wireless communication systems. The book also provides information on enabling business models for future wireless systems.

This book is useful as a resource for researchers and practitioners worldwide, including industry practitioners, technologists, policy decision-makers, academicians, and graduate students.

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1 Technology Evolution of Wireless Communications

A Survey and Look Forward

M. Usman

King Khalid University

M. Wajid

Aligarh Muslim University

Contents

1. 1.1 Introduction
2. 1.2 Historical Background and Evolution of Wireless Systems
3. 1.3 Application Scenarios of Next Generation Wireless Systems
4. 1.4 Requirements of Next Generation Wireless Systems
5. 1.5 Need for 5G and Beyond
6. 1.6 Enabling Technologies of Next Generation Wireless Systems
   1. 1.6.1 Spectrum
   2. 1.6.2 mmWave and Terahertz Spectral Bands
   3. 1.6.3 Visible Light Communication (VLC)
   4. 1.6.4 Massive MIMO (Large-Scale MIMO)
   5. 1.6.5 Ultra-Dense Small-Cell Networks
   6. 1.6.6 Network Slicing
   7. 1.6.7 Artificial Intelligence
7. 1.7 Conclusions
8. References

1.1Introduction

Communication networks and systems have been evolving at a rapid pace over the last decade. Ever since their inception, their scope and utility have also evolved tremendously – from basic speech communication to short texts to high-speed Internet connectivity to multimedia applications. At the heart of this evolution has been a transition from a carrier-centric approach toward a user-centric approach. The next generation of wireless systems will be a heterogeneous mix of multiple technologies, which will not just be competing with but also complementing one another, providing end users immersive experiences in real time along with innumerable applications. To provide such experiences and utility, the next generation of communication systems must satisfy stringent requirements such as high speed (10's of gigabits per second), submillisecond latency, and high density of connected devices while ensuring high quality of experience (QoE) for end users.

The next generation of wireless systems will be a heterogeneous mix of several communication technologies, such as millimeter wave (mmWave) communication, terahertz (THz) communication, and visible light communication (VLC), in addition to evolved versions of existing systems, which are expected to complement and cooperate with one another. Several wireless systems are emerging as candidate technologies for satisfying the requirements of next generation communication systems, which are required to provide connectivity not just in the traditional sense, but also in the rapidly emerging area of Internet of Things (IoT). To fulfill the requirements of next generation communication systems many different techniques need to be implemented. These techniques which fall into the scope of signal processing, coding theory, spectrum management, multiantenna systems (MIMO and massive MIMO), cloud computing, artificial intelligence, machine learning/deep learning, and security will be the enablers for future wireless systems.

1.2Historical Background and Evolution of Wireless Systems

Subscriber numbers of mobile and wireless communication systems have witnessed enormous growth since their introduction. After the launch of Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT), the first-generation analogue mobile system, the first digital cellular network was Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS). Global System for Mobile (GSM) Communications was launched in 1991 and cellular subscriber numbers grew to 100 million in 1998 with figures reaching one billion in 2002 and two billion in 2005. By the end of 2007, cellular subscriptions exceeded three billion and network coverage extended over 80% of the world population. Mobile communication is therefore considered to be the enabler to bridge the so-called Digital Divide between the nations of the world. (Usman 2015). Such growth was possible due to mobile telephony and a vast array of affordable data services, enabled with the launch of packet-switched systems such as General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) in 2000 followed by 3G systems such as Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) in 2001. The 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) family of standards gave a clear, cost-efficient road map from basic GSM voice and GPRS data services to true mobile broadband services based on Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) and WCDMA/HSPA technologies.

Second-generation (2G), systems which were based on time division multiple access (TDMA) offered low-rate data services in addition to conventional speech communication. GSM was the most popular 2G system holding 81.2% of global market share of active digital mobile subscriptions. GSM was used in most parts of the world except in Japan, where Personal Digital Cellular (PDC) was the 2G system used. GPRS, the packet-switched solution to GSM, provided data rates of up to 20 kbps per time slot. By using multiple time-slots per user in the downlink, attractive services were offered. GPRS was an important evolutionary step in realizing the idea of always connected, ubiquitous Internet with multimedia and real-time traffic. GPRS evolved to EDGE, which provided data rates three times that of GPRS. EDGE utilized higher-order modulation together with Link Adaptation (LA) and Incremental Redundancy (IR) to improve the data rate. (Usman, 2015). Such has been the rapid pace of development of wireless communication systems, that pre-3G systems which were state of the art only a couple of decades back, seem ancient in the present times.

While mobile communication systems continued to evolve and grow, the Internet, which brought multimedia applications, also developed at a staggering rate. The convergence of wireless systems and the Internet became necessary to realize mobile data communications that would enable new services such as location-based services. Such services are not meaningful in a fixed network, and the first attempt to realize such a convergence was 3G, referred to as Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). Broadband connectivity helped make the Internet a richer experience with a higher utility factor. Much of the developed world relied o...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Half Title
• Series Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Dedication
• Table of Contents
• Preface
• Editors
• List of Contributors
• Chapter 1: Technology Evolution of Wireless Communications: A Survey and Look Forward
• Chapter 2: Enabling Technologies and Enabling Business Models for Next Generation Wireless Communications
• Chapter 3: Enabling Technologies for Internet of Everything
• Chapter 4: Power Allocation Techniques for Visible Light: Nonorthogonal Multiple Access Communication Systems
• Chapter 5: Multiantenna Systems: Large-Scale MIMO and Massive MIMO
• Chapter 6: Channel Estimation Techniques in the MIMO-OFDM System
• Chapter 7: Localization Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks
• Chapter 8: Distributed Intelligent Networks: Convergence of 5G, AI, and IoT
• Chapter 9: Antenna Design Challenges for 5G: Assessing Future Direction
• Chapter 10: Design and Simulation of New Beamforming: Based Cognitive Radio for 5G Networks
• Chapter 11: Image Transmission Analysis Using MIMO-OFDM Systems
• Chapter 12: Physical Layer Security in Two-Way Wireless Communication System
• Chapter 13: Design and Simulation of Bio-Inspired Algorithm: Based Cognitive Radio for 5G Networks
• Chapter 14: Evaluating the Performance of Quasi and Rotated Quasi OSTBC System with Advanced Detection Techniques for 5G and IoT Applications
• Index