Large Animal Clinical Procedures for Veterinary Technicians E-Book

Kristin J. Holtgrew-Bohling

• Publisher: Mosby
• Year: 2019
• ISBN:
  9780323569071
• Edition: 4
• Topic: Medicine
• Subtopic: Veterinary Medicine

Gain the skills you need to master the role of the veterinary technician in large animal care! Large Animal Clinical Procedures for Veterinary Technicians, 4 th Edition teaches you how to set up, assist, and follow through on medical procedures and treatment regimens for large domestic animals. A comprehensive guide, this text not only defines the veterinary technician's responsibilities in daily livestock care and hospital management, but includes separate sections on horses, cattle, sheep and goats, pigs, and llamas and alpacas - covering husbandry, clinical procedures, surgical procedures, and common diseases for each. This new edition includes information on safety and handling, livestock nutrition, vaccine scheduling, and diagnostic imaging, plus four new chapters with detailed care of poultry. Written by noted veterinary technician educator Kristin Holtgrew-Bohling, it is the ideal text for preparing for certification exams and everyday practice!

• The most comprehensive large animal book specifically written for veterinary technician students.
• A practical approach makes this text useful in classes and in clinical situations, so veterinary technicians, acting under instructions of veterinarians, can plan and follow through on procedures and treatment regimens for large animals.
• A focus on the veterinary technician's responsibilities explains why and how a procedure is performed, and the roles that vet techs fill in preparing for, assisting in, and following up the procedure.
• Coverage of the essential large animal-related tasks in the CVTEA Manual of Accreditation for Veterinary Technology Programs addresses AVMA accreditation and prepares you to pass the Veterinary Technology National Exam.
• Full-color photographs and line drawings show step-by-step procedures in areas such as restraint, bandaging, physical examination techniques, and diagnostic procedures.
• Coverage of husbandry and breeds demonstrates how day-to-day housing and feeding affect the care of many large animal diseases, and helps you learn to provide quality client education.
• A section on the livestock industry provides comprehensive coverage of safety and handling, reproduction, and nutrition, so you can better understand the practices, procedures, and decisions in large animal veterinary medicine.
• A section on llamas and alpacas helps you to understand the health and maintenance of these increasingly popular domestic animals — in the U.S., there are more than 12, 000 alpaca herds and 25, 000 llama owners.
• Proper medical terminology is included in a comprehensive glossary, facilitating effective communication with clients and with other professionals.
• Learning features enhance your critical thinking and decision making with case studies, clinical applications, key terms, chapter outlines, learning objectives, and Technician Notes.

• NEW! Tables on Temperature, Pulse, Respiration (TPR) data and vaccine schedules provide a quick, at-a-glance reference for important information.
• NEW! Expanded regulatory information for livestock provides details on OCV vaccination, Health Certificate forms, Brucellosis and Tuberculosis testing, and Scrapies tags.
• NEW! Four new chapters on Poultry provide detailed coverage of the breed.

Section 1

The Livestock Industry

Outline

1. The Importance of Livestock

2. Livestock Safety and Handling

3. Livestock Reproduction

4. Livestock Nutrition

1

The Importance of Livestock

1. The Importance of Livestock for the World,
2. The Importance of Livestock in the United States,
3. U.S. Livestock Trends,
4. The Importance of Veterinary Medicine Within the Livestock Industry,
5. The Dairy Industry,
6. The Beef Industry,
7. The Pork Industry,
8. The Mutton/Chevron Industry,
9. Harvesting Processes,
10. The Fiber Industry,
11. The Horse Industry,

Learning Objectives

After reading this chapter, you will be able to

• List and explain the functions of livestock

• Describe the economic importance of livestock

• Describe the size and scope of the large animal industry

• Describe the normal cycle that exists within the dairy industry

• Describe the structure within the meat industry

• Describe the basic components of the fiber industry

Key Terms

Artificial insemination

Backgrounding

By-products

Calving interval

Claw

Clip

Commercial farming

Commodity

Connecting air

Creep feeders

Dry lot

Farrow to finish

Farrowing

Free stall barn

Freshening

Grid

Milk replacer

Milk tubes

Milking unit

Nursery

Order buyers

Parlor

Pasture

Quality grade

Slivers

Streak canal

Suspension cup

Teat cup assembly

Thermal neutral zone

Vertical integration

Yield grade

Key Abbreviations

• USDA: U.S. Department of Agriculture
• TNZ: Thermal neutral zone

The Importance of Livestock for the World

Agriculture is one of the oldest sciences and one of the most important. Without a firm understanding of agriculture, all humans would struggle to find enough food, shelter, and clothing to survive. The main reason for maintaining our agricultural animal populations is to provide a nutritious and desirable form of food for human consumption. Only approximately 11% of the world’s land area is suitable for the production of foods that can be directly consumed by humans. Approximately 75% of energy intake consumed by ruminants and 30% consumed by nonruminants is from waste materials that cannot be consumed directly by the human population. With world food production already inadequately able to provide balanced diets for the people of the world, it is important that we continue to use livestock (Fig. 1.1).

Supplies of protein are particularly scarce and costly for the populations of most developing countries. The World Health Organization has reported that hunger and related malnutrition are the greatest threats to the world’s public health. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that nearly 795 million people of the 7.3 billion people in the world, or one in nine, were suffering from chronic undernourishment in 2014 to 2016 (see http://www.worldhunger.org/).

The Malthusian theory is that the increase in the world population will outpace increases in the means of providing food. For example, in terms of the global population crisis, in the time it takes you to read this sentence, 24 people will be added to the earth’s population; within an hour, the number will reach 12,000; by the day’s end, the number will be 288,000; and in 48 hours, the human population growth will be enough to fill a city the size of San Francisco. The world population will jump from 7.3 billion to 9.7 billion by 2050. Farmers will need to double food production by then to keep pace.

Providing food to meet caloric intake is not enough. Adequate protein is also required for normal body function. Protein is needed for growth, maturation, pregnancy, lactation, and recovery from disease. It has been well established that nutritionally, animal proteins are superior to vegetable proteins for humans. The superiority results primarily from the better balance of amino acids in animal products.

Fig. 1.1 Total landmass available for the production of food that can be directly consumed by humans.

The Importance of Livestock in the United States

The United States is the world’s largest exporter of agricultural products. In 2016 agricultural exports were valued at $129.7 billion. Farmer and rancher families comprise 2% of the U.S. population. According to the 2012 U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) agricultural census, the total value of agricultural products sold from farms in the United States was $394.6 billion, a record high. This value is 33% higher than that of 2007. The value of the livestock and livestock products themselves that were sold in 2012 was $182 billion. The percentage of livestock products sold from farms in the United States constituted 42.6% of the total market value of agricultural products sold in 2012.

Livestock producers also create income for the United States and stimulate the economy with the purchase of goods to raise livestock. According to the USDA 2012 agriculture census, producers spent $351.8 billion on production expenses in 2012, an increase of 10.4% since 2011. Of those production expenses, 16% was spent on feed, and 11.3% was sp...