Clinical Anatomy and Physiology for Veterinary Technicians

Thomas P. Colville, Joanna M. Bassert

• Publisher: Mosby
• Year: 2015
• eBook ISBN: 9780323356206
• Edition: 3
• Topic: Medicine
• Subtopic: Veterinary Medicine

- NEW! Vocabulary Fundamentals list of terms at the beginning of each chapter introduce readers to new scientific terms and their pronunciations.

1

Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Thomas Colville

Outline

INTRODUCTION, 2

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY, 2

TERMINOLOGY, 3

Anatomic Planes of Reference, 3

Directional Terms, 5

Common Regional Terms, 6

GENERAL PLAN OF THE ANIMAL BODY, 6

Bilateral Symmetry, 7

Body Cavities, 7

Dorsal Body Cavity, 7

Ventral Body Cavity, 8

Levels of Organization, 8

HEALTH, 9

HOMEOSTASIS, 9

Learning Objectives

When you have completed this chapter, you will be able to:

1. Define the terms anatomy and physiology.

2. Differentiate between microscopic and macroscopic anatomy.

3. Differentiate between the study of regional anatomy and the study of systemic anatomy.

4. Describe the four anatomic planes of reference.

5. List and describe the anatomic terms of direction.

6. List and describe common regional terms for the body.

7. List the components of the dorsal body cavity.

8. List the components of the ventral body cavity.

9. List the four basic types of body tissue.

10. Define homeostasis.

Vocabulary Fundamentals

Adipose ahd-ih-pōs

Anatomy ah-naht-ah-mē

Anterior ahn-teer-ē-ɘr

Barrel beɘr-uhl

Bilateral symmetry bī-laht-ɘr-ahl sihm-ih-trē

Brisket brihs-kiht

Cannon kahn-nuhn

Cardiac muscle kahr-dē-ahck muhs-uhl

Carpus kahr-puhs

Caudal kaw-dahl

Connective tissue kuh-nehck-tihv tihsh-yoo

Cranial krā-nē-ahl

Cranium krā-nē-uhm

Deep dēp

Digestive system dih-jehs-tihv sihs-tehm

Distal dihs-tahl

Dorsal dohr-sahl

Dorsal body cavity dohr-sahl boh-dē kahv-ih-tē

Dorsal plane dohr-sahl plān

Epithelial tissue ehp-ih-thē-lē-ahl tihsh-yoo

Equilibrium ē-kwuh-lihb-rē-uhm

External ehcks-tɘr-nahl

Fetlock feht-lohck

Fight or flight system fīt or flīt sihs-tehm

Flank flahngk

Gastrointestinal (GI) tract gahs-trō-ihn-tehs-tih-nahl trahkt

Gross anatomy grōs ah-naht-ah-mē

Health hehlth

Hock hohck

Homeostasis hō-mē-ō-stā-sihs

Inferior ihn-feer-ē-ɘr

Inflammation ihn-fluh-mā-shuhn

Internal ihn-tɘr-nahl

Knee—carpus of hoofed animals nē—kahr-puhs of hooft ahn-uh-muhlz

Lateral laht-ɘr-ahl

Macroscopic anatomy mah-krō-skohp-ihck ah-naht-ah-mē

Medial mē-dē-ahl

Medial plane mē-dē-ahl plān

Microscopic anatomy mī-krō-skohp-ihk ah-naht-ah-mē

Muscle tissue muhs-uhl tihsh-yoo

Organ ohr-gahn

Palmar pahl-mɘr

Parietal layer pah-rī-eh-tahl lā-ɘr

Pastern pahs-tɘrn

Physiology fihz-ē-ohl-uh-jē

Plane of reference plān of rehf-ɘr-uhnz

Plantar plahn-tahr

Pleura ploor-ah

Poll pōl

Posterior pō-steer-ē-ɘr

Proximal prohck-sih-mahl

Regional anatomy rē-juhn-ahl ah-naht-ah-mē

Rostral rohs-trahl

Sagittal plane sahj-ih-tahl plān

Skeletal muscle skehl-ih-tahl muhs-uhl

Smooth muscle smooth muhs-uhl

Spinal canal spī-nahl kuh-nahl

Stifle stī-fuhl

Superficial soo-pɘr-fihsh-ahl

Superior suh-peer-ē-ɘr

System sihs-tehm

Systematic anatomy sihs-tuh-maht-ihck ah-naht-ah-mē

Tailhead tā-uhl-hehd

Tarsus tahr-suhs

Thorax thohr-ahx

Tissue tihsh-yoo

Transverse plane trahnz-vɘrs plān

Ventral vehn-trahl

Ventral body cavity vehn-trahl boh-dē kahv-ih-tē

Viscera vih-sɘr-ah

Visceral layer vih-sɘr-ahl lā-ɘr

Withers wihth-ɘrz

Xiphoid process zī-foyd proh-sehs

Introduction

Life is a tricky proposition. It is difficult, messy, fragile, and a lot of work. The bodies of living animals have to be organized just right and maintained within very narrow limits to allow the hectic choreography of life to unfold throughout their lives.

We don't usually think of animals as living mechanisms, but the study of anatomy and physiology is really the study of the animal machine, what makes it up, and how the whole thing works. The language of anatomy and physiology uses terms like cells, tissues, organs, and systems, but we're really talking about the component parts of this living machine. These living parts are amazingly intricate and their functions delicately interrelated. As veterinary health care professionals, we must understand how animals are put together and how their bodies work. Fortunately, the animal body is fascinating to study in and of itself, but even more so when we appreciate how important normal anatomy and physiology are to animal health.

The various parts of the body must work together in near-perfect harmony to maintain the life and well-being of an animal. The interesting part of this truth is that the apparently simple and automatic states of life and health are not as they seem. Life is not simple, and health is not automatic. Life is extraordinarily complicated, and health is the result of numerous things going just right. At first glance it seems as though health is the normal state of affairs, and dis...

Table of contents

• Cover image
• Title Page
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Contributors
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Vet Tech Threads
• 1 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology
• 2 Chemical Basis for Life*
• 3 Anatomy of the Cell
• 4 Cell Physiology
• 5 Tissues
• 6 The Integument and Related Structures
• 7 The Skeletal System
• 8 Muscular System
• 9 Nervous System
• 10 Sense Organs
• 11 Endocrine System
• 12 Blood, Lymph, and Lymph Nodes
• 13 Immunity and Defense
• 14 The Cardiovascular System
• 15 The Respiratory System
• 16 Digestive System
• 17 Nutrients and Metabolism
• 18 The Urinary System
• 19 The Reproductive System
• 20 Pregnancy, Development, and Lactation
• 21 Avian Anatomy and Physiology
• 22 Amphibian and Reptilian Anatomy and Physiology
• Glossary
• Index