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Chem Lab Basics
Mark Jackson, Frank Miskevich
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eBook - ePub
Chem Lab Basics
Mark Jackson, Frank Miskevich
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About This Book
With the study of molecules and how they interact with one another, theory is important, but the lab is where the true excitement of chemistry lies. This 6 page laminated guide is intended to serve as a reminder and quick study review for all aspects of the chemistry lab, from safety to chemicals, to instruments, and safety again (first, last, and always!). Designed to find answers fast and to be spill proof it's perfect for high school and early college students studying chemistry, as well as anyone interested in learning how scientists safely study the molecules that make up everything around us.
6 page laminated guide includes:
- Lab Safety Training
- General Lab Guidelines
- Working With Chemicals
- Exposure to Chemicals
- First Aid
- Know Your Lab Reagents
- Chemical Spills
- Waste Management
- Useful Chemical Information
- Periodic Table Included
- Lab Must-Knows
- Safe Use of Lab Equipment
- Data Manipulation
- Preparing a Solution
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Information
Topic
BiowissenschaftenSubtopic
Wissenschaft Geschichte & PraxisUseful Chemical Information
Liquid solubility rule: âLike dissolves likeâ Water, âthe universal solvent,â is an excellent solvent for polar molecules like salts.
Boiling point: 100.0ÂșC
Freezing point: 0.0ÂșC
Density: 1.00 g/mL at 4ÂșC
Molar mass: 18.015 g
Vapor pressure: 23.8 mm Hg, 25ÂșC
Organic Compounds: General Rules - Nonpolar compounds (e.g., hexane and benzene) are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents, but insoluble in water. Oils tend to float on water (think about when you are washing oily or greasy dishes).
- Polar compounds (e.g., amines, alcohols, and organic acids) tend to dissolve in water.
Organic Solvent | Boiling Point | Density (g/mL) | Molar Mass (g/mol) |
Acetone | 56ÂșC | 0.79 | 58.08 polar |
Acetic acid | 118ÂșC | 1.0446 | 60.052 polar |
Benzene | 80ÂșC | 0.88 | 78.12 nonpolar |
Carbon tetrachloride | 77ÂșC | 1.594 | 153.82 nonpolar |
Chloroform | 61ÂșC | 1.4788 | 119.38 nonpolar |
Diethyl ether | 34.5ÂșC | 0.713 | 74.12 nonpolar |
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) | 189ÂșC | 1.092 | 78.13 polar |
Ethanol | 79ÂșC | 0.79 | 46.07 polar |
Ethyl acetate | 77ÂșC | 0.895 | 88.11 polar |
Ethylene glycol | 195ÂșC | 1.115 | 62.07 polar |
Hexane | 69ÂșC | 0.659 | 86.18 nonpolar |
Isopropanol | 82ÂșC | 0.79 | 60.11 polar |
Methanol | 65ÂșC | 0.79 | 32.04 polar |
Toluene | 111ÂșC | 0.87 | 92.15 nonpolar |
Acetate Nitrate Perchlorate Chlorate | Chloride Bromide Iodide | Fluoride | Sulfate | Carbonate Sulfide Phosphate Hydroxide Chromate | Oxide | |
Alkali metals, ammonium | Soluble | Soluble | Soluble | Soluble | Soluble | Forms hydroxide |
Ca, Mg | Soluble | Soluble | Insoluble | Soluble | Insoluble | Insoluble |
Sr, Ba | Soluble | Soluble | Insoluble | Insoluble | Insoluble | Insoluble |
Fe, Cu, Zn | Soluble | Soluble | Insoluble | Soluble | Insoluble | Insoluble |
Pb(II) | Soluble | Insoluble | Insoluble | Insoluble | Insoluble | Insoluble |
Hg(I) | Soluble | Insoluble | N/A | Insoluble | Insoluble | Insoluble |
Ag | Soluble | Insoluble | Soluble | Soluble | Insoluble | Insoluble |
Characteristic colors of ion in a flame
Violet: Potassium, rubidium, and cesium
Blue: Copper (azure), lead, arsenic, and selenium
Green: Copper (emerald), barium (yellowish), and zinc (whitish)
Yellow: Sodium
Red: Lithium (carmine), strontium (scarlet), and calcium (yellowish)
Acids Commercial Reagent | ||
Hyd... |