Liminal Minorities

Religious Difference and Mass Violence in Muslim Societies

Günes Murat Tezcür

• Publisher: Cornell University Press
• Year: 2024
• Print ISBN: 9781501774683
• eBook ISBN: 9781501774706
• Subtopic: Islamic Theology

Winner of the Religion and International Relations Book Award of the Religion and International Relations Section of the International Studies Association. Winner of the American Political Science Association Middle East and North Africa Politics Section Best Book Award by a Senior Scholar.

Winner of the Hubert Morken Award of the Religion and Politics Section of the American Political Science Association.

Liminal Minorities addresses the question of why some religious minorities provoke the ire of majoritarian groups and become targets of organized violence, even though they lack significant power and pose no political threat. Güne? Murat Tezcür argues that these faith groups are stigmatized across generations, as they lack theological recognition and social acceptance from the dominant religious group. Religious justifications of violence have a strong mobilization power when directed against liminal minorities, which makes these groups particularly vulnerable to mass violence during periods of political change.

Offering the first comparative-historical study of mass atrocities against religious minorities in Muslim societies, Tezcür focuses on two case studies—the Islamic State's genocidal attacks against the Yezidis in northern Iraq in the 2010s and massacres of Alevis in Turkey in the 1970s and 1990s—while also addressing discrimination and violence against followers of the Bahá'í faith in Iran and Ahmadis in Pakistan and Indonesia. Analyzing a variety of original sources, including interviews with survivors and court documents, Tezcür reveals how religious stigmatization and political resentment motivate ordinary people to participate in mass atrocities.

Table of contents

• List of Figures and Tables
• Acknowledgments
• Prologue
• Introduction
• 1. A Theory of Religious Liminality and Violence
• 2. From Liminality to Genocidal Violence
• 3. From Massacres to Denied Victimhood
• 4. Liminality in the Broader Muslim World
• 5. Religious Liminality and Societal Discrimination in a Global Perspective
• Conclusion
• Appendix for Chapter 2
• Appendix for Chapter 5
• References
• Index