An Imperfect God

George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America

Henry Wiencek

• Publisher: Farrar, Straus and Giroux
• Year: 2024
• Print ISBN: 9780374175269
• eBook ISBN: 9781466856592
• Topic: Politics & International Relations
• Subtopic: Historical Biographies
• Index: Politics & International Relations

The first biography of America's Founding Father and premier president to address his relationship to slavery.

When George Washington wrote his will, he made the startling decision to set his slaves free; earlier he had said that holding slaves was his "only unavoidable subject of regret." In his groundbreaking An Imperfect God, Henry Wiencek explores the Founding Father's engagement with slavery at every stage of his life—as a Virginia planter, soldier, politician, president and statesman.

Washington was born and raised among blacks and mixed-race people; he and his wife had blood ties to the slave community. Yet as a young man he bought and sold slaves without scruple, even raffled off children to collect debts. Then, on the Revolutionary battlefields where he commanded both black and white troops, Washington's attitudes began to change. He and the other framers enshrined slavery in the Constitution, but even before he became president, Washington had begun to see the system's evil.

Based on a meticulous examination of private papers, court records, and the voluminous Washington archives, Wiencek documents for the first time the moral transformation culminating in Washington's determination to emancipate his slaves. He acted too late to keep the new republic from perpetuating slavery, but his repentance was genuine. And it was perhaps related to the possibility—as the oral history of Mount Vernon's slave descendants has long asserted—that a slave named West Ford was the son of George and a woman named Venus.

George Washington's heroic stature as Father of Our Country is not diminished in this superb, nuanced portrait presenting Washington in full as a man of his time and ahead of his time.

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright Notice
• Contents
• Dedication
• Map of Washington’s Virginia
• Introduction: The General’s Dream
• Chapter One: Home Ground
• Chapter Two: On the Borderland
• Chapter Three: The Widow Custis
• Chapter Four: A Life Honorable and Amusing
• Chapter Five: A Scheme in Williamsburg
• Chapter Six: “So Sacred a War as This”
• Chapter Seven: A Different Destiny
• Chapter Eight: “A Sort of Shadowy Life”
• Chapter Nine: The Great Escape
• Chapter Ten: Mrs. Peter’s Patrimony
• Chapter Eleven: “The Justice of the Creator”
• Notes
• Acknowledgments
• Index
• Also by Henry Wiencek
• Copyright