Fortress Farming

Agrarian Transitions, Livelihoods, and Coffee Value Chains in Indonesia

Jeff Neilson

• Publisher: Cornell University Press
• Year: 2025
• Print ISBN: 9781501780929
• eBook ISBN: 9781501780943
• Topic: Social Sciences
• Subtopic: Agricultural Public Policy
• Index: Social Sciences

Fortress Farming identifies in Indonesia's rural coffee-growing regions an alternative livelihood strategy that is reshaping relationships with land and informing Indonesia's agrarian transition. Jeff Neilson presents "fortress farming" households as ones that are reluctant to embrace productivity-maximizing agriculture, even as they interact with commodity markets and powerful downstream companies. Rather, these households tenaciously maintain access to land as a last defense against insecurity in a precarious global economy, all the while actively tapping into off-farm income sources. Fortress farming confounds assumptions that the development process entails an inevitable transition away from the land and into city-based manufacturing.

Shifting away from production to take a fuller view of rural Indonesian coffee-growing communities, Fortress Farming explores how and why defensive farming strategies have emerged, and what these tendencies mean for our understanding of agrarian transition in late-industrializing countries in the early twenty-first century. Neilson posits that late-industrializing countries may never undergo a full agrarian transition: In the alternative livelihood practice of fortress farming, we see a way that local social institutions can resist, or at least modify, the productive forces of capitalist agriculture.

Table of contents

• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Introduction: Fortress Farming and Indonesian Coffee
• 1. Agrarian Change and Livelihoods in a World of Global Value Chains
• 2. Agrarian Transitions and Structural Transformation of the Indonesian Economy
• 3. The Indonesian State and Rural Patronage
• 4. Global Capital and the Organization of Coffee Value Chains
• 5. Institutions of Land Access
• 6. Fortress Farming in Toraja
• 7. Fortress Farming in Semende
• Conclusion: Fortress Farming and the Politics of Land in Late-Industrializing Countries
• Appendix A. Statistical Data on Indonesian Coffee Producers
• Appendix B. The Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
• List of Terms and Abbreviations
• Notes
• References
• Index