Race and Education in North Carolina

From Segregation to Desegregation

John E. Batchelor

• Publisher: LSU Press
• Year: 2015
• Print ISBN: 9780807161364
• eBook ISBN: 9780807161388
• Topic: History
• Subtopic: North American History
• Index: History

The separation of white and black schools remained largely unquestioned and unchallenged in North Carolina for the first half of the twentieth century, yet by the end of the 1970s, the Tar Heel State operated the most thoroughly desegregated school system in the nation. In Race and Education in North Carolina, John E. Batchelor, a former North Carolina school superintendent, offers a robust analysis of this sea change and the initiatives that comprised the gradual, and often reluctant, desegregation of the state's public schools.In a state known for relative racial moderation, North Carolina government officials generally steered clear of fiery rhetorical rejections of Brown v. Board of Education, in contrast to the position of leaders in most other parts of the South. Instead, they played for time, staving off influential legislators who wanted to close public schools and provide vouchers to support segregated private schools, instituting policies that would admit a few black students into white schools, and continuing to sanction segregation throughout most of the public education system. Litigation—primarily initiated by the NAACP—and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 created stronger mandates for progress and forced government officials to accelerate the pace of desegregation. Batchelor sheds light on the way local school districts pursued this goal while community leaders, school board members, administrators, and teachers struggled to balance new policy demands with deeply entrenched racial prejudice and widespread support for continued segregation.Drawing from case law, newspapers, interviews with policy makers, civil rights leaders, and attorneys involved in school desegregation, as well as previously unused archival material, Race and Education in North Carolina presents a richly textured history of the legal and political factors that informed, obstructed, and finally cleared the way for desegregation in the North Carolina public education system.

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Dedication
• Contents
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• 1 Education, Race, and Politics
• 2 Segregation: Separate and Unequal, through the 1950s
• 3 North Carolina’s Response to Brown: The Pearsall Plan, 1952 to 1956
• 4 Tokenism: From 1956 to 1960
• 5 The Impact of the Civil Rights Movement: From 1960 to the Mid-1960s
• 6 Early, Limited Desegregation: The Mid- to Late 1960s
• 7 System-wide Desegregation: Late 1960s to Late 1970s
• Epilogue: Reform and Resegregation
• Appendix 1. Key Office Holders
• Appendix 2. Members of the First and Second Pearsall Committees
• Notes
• Select Bibliography
• Index