Augusto Boal saw theatre as a mirror to the world, one that we can reach into to change our reality. This book, The Theatre of the Oppressed, is the foundation to 'Forum Theatre', a popular radical form practised across the world. Boal's techniques allowed the people to reclaim theatre, providing forums through which they could imagine and enact social and political change. Rejecting the Aristotelian ethic, which he believed allowed the State to remain unchallenged, he broke down the wall between actors and audience, the two sides coming together, the audience becoming the 'spect-actors'. Written in 1973, while in exile from the Brazilian government after the military coup-d'etat, this is a work of subversion and liberation, which shows that only the oppressed are able to free themselves.
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Theatre of the Oppressed
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ARISTOTLE’S
COERCIVE
SYSTEM
OF
TRAGEDY
33
First
Stage:
Stimulation
of
the
hamartia;
the
character
follows
an
ascending
path
toward
happiness,
accompanied
empathically
by
the
spectator.
Then
comes
a
moment
of
reversal:
the
character,
with
the
spectator,
starts
to
move
from
happiness
toward
misfortune;
fall
of
the
hero.
Second
Stage:
The
character
recognises
his
error
–
anagnorisis
.
Through
the
empathic
relationship
dianoia-reason
,
the
spectator
recognises
his
own
error,
his
own
hamartia,
his
own
anticonsti-
tutional
flaw.
Third
Stage:
Catastrophe;
the
character
suffers
the
consequences
of
his
error,
in
a
violent
form,
with
his
own
death
or
with
the
death
of
loved
ones.
Catharsis:
The
spectator,
terrified
by
the
spectacle
of
the
catastrophe,
is
purified
of
his
hamartia.
Aristotle’s
coercive
system
can
be
shown
graphically:
The
words
‘
Amicus
Plato,
sed
magis
amicus
veritas
’
(‘I
am
Plato’s
friend,
but
I
am
more
of
a
friend
of
truth!’)
are
attributed
to
Aristotle.
In
this
we
agree
entirely
with
Aristotle:
we
are
his
friends,
but
we
are
much
better
friends
of
truth.
He
tells
us
that
poetry,
tragedy,
theatre
have
nothing
to
do
with
politics.
But
reality
tells
us
something
else.
His
own
Poetics
tells
us
it
Table of contents
- Cover
- Contents
- Preface to the 2008 Edition
- Preface to the 2000 Edition
- Preface to the 1974 Edition
- 1. Aristotle's Coercive System of Tragedy
- 2. Machiavelli and the Poetics of Virtu
- 3. Hegel and Brecht: The Character as Subject or the Character as Object?
- 4. Poetics of the Oppressed
- 5. Development of the Arena Theatre of Sao Paulo
- Appendices
- Notes
- Index
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