Fundamentals of Fragrance Chemistry

Charles S. Sell

• Publisher: Wiley-VCH
• Year: 2019
• ISBN:
  9783527819782
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Scienze fisiche
• Subtopic: Chimica industriale e tecnica

Comprehensively teaches all of the fundamentals of fragrance chemistry Ernest Beaux, the perfumer who created Chanel No. 5, said, "One has to rely on chemists to find new aroma chemicals creating new, original notes. In perfumery, the future lies primarily in the hands of chemists." This book provides chemists and chemists-to-be with everything they need to know in order to create welcome new fragrances for the world to enjoy. It offers a simplified introduction into organic chemistry, including separation techniques and analytical methodologies; discusses the structure of perfume creation with respect to the many reactive ingredients in consumer products; and shows how to formulate effective and long-lasting scents. Fundamentals of Fragrance Chemistry starts by covering the structure of matter in order to show how its building blocks are held together. It continues with chapters that look at hydrocarbons and heteroatoms. A description of the three states of matter and how each can be converted into another is offered next, followed by coverage of separation and purification of materials. Other chapters examine acid/base reactions; oxidation and reduction reactions; perfume structure; the mechanism of olfaction; natural and synthetic fragrance ingredients; and much more. -Concentrates on aspects of organic chemistry, which are of particular importance to the fragrance industry
-Offers non-chemists a simplified yet complete introduction to organic chemistry?from separation techniques and analytical methodologies to the structure of perfume creation
-Provides innovative perfumers with a framework to formulate stable fragrances from the myriad of active ingredients available
-Looks at future trends in the industry and addresses concerns about sustainability and quality management Fundamentals of Fragrance Chemistry is an ideal resource for students who are new to the subject, as well as for chemists and perfumers already working in this fragrant field of science.

1
The Structure of Matter

The Route to the Atomic Theory

Chemistry is a subject of vital importance to human society. We even measure the progress of civilisation by the chemical technology that our ancestors possessed at various stages in history. Thus, the earliest phase of civilisation is known as the Stone Age, when humans used readily available materials such as stone to form tools. In chemical terms, the stone was used as it was found. The only manipulation was to shape it by physical means into knives, axes, and so on. The discovery of bronze moved civilisation forward significantly and gave birth to the Bronze Age. As an example of this technological advancement, bronze axes could be made with much more acute angles at the cutting edge of the blade than can stone axes, and so fewer strokes were required to cut through a tree trunk. Now chemistry was involved, since ores such as malachite had to undergo a chemical conversion to release the copper metal that they contained. Heating the ore to a high temperature brought about this chemical change. The temperature required to release iron from its ores, such as haematite, is even higher, so it was not until furnace technology had reached the required level that the Iron Age began.

Chemistry is important to all industries to some extent, but to perfumery, it is absolutely central. The odorous substances that produce the sensation of smell, whether of natural or synthetic origin, are chemicals. The receptors in our noses that perceive them are chemicals. Smell begins with the process of chemical recognition of the odorant by the olfactory receptor, and therefore smell is very much a chemical sense. To understand fragrance perception, we must understand chemistry. The products into which perfumes are incorporated are also composed of chemicals and chemical interactions can occur between the perfume and the product. Thus, in order to understand the interaction of perfume with products such as soaps and detergents, we must understand chemistry.

Chemistry is very much a practical science and people were practising it long before theories about the nature of matter and of these chemical processes were developed. Metallurgy, which is one branch of chemistry, started in the Nile Delta in ancient Egypt. Because of t...