Emerging Technologies for Health and Medicine

Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, Robotics, Industry 4.0

Dac-Nhuong Le, Chung Van Le, Jolanda G. Tromp, Gia Nhu Nguyen, Dac-Nhuong Le, Chung Van Le, Jolanda G. Tromp, Gia Nhu Nguyen

• Publisher: Wiley-Scrivener
• Year: 2018
• Print ISBN: 9781119509813
• eBook ISBN: 9781119509882
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Computer Science
• Subtopic: Data Visualisation
• Index: Computer Science

Showcases the latest trends in new virtual/augmented reality healthcare and medical applications and provides an overview of the economic, psychological, educational and organizational impacts of these new applications and how we work, teach, learn and provide care.

With the current advances in technology innovation, the field of medicine and healthcare is rapidly expanding and, as a result, many different areas of human health diagnostics, treatment and care are emerging. Wireless technology is getting faster and 5G mobile technology allows the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) to greatly improve patient care and more effectively prevent illness from developing.

This book provides an overview and review of the current and anticipated changes in medicine and healthcare due to new technologies and faster communication between users and devices.

The groundbreaking book presents state-of-the-art chapters on many subjects including:

• A review of the implications of Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) healthcare applications
• A review of current augmenting dental care
• An overview of typical human-computer interaction (HCI) that can help inform the development of user interface designs and novel ways to evaluate human behavior to responses in VR and other new technologies
• A review of telemedicine technologies
• Building empathy in young children using augmented reality
• AI technologies for mobile health of stroke monitoring & rehabilitation robotics control
• Mobile doctor brain AI App
• An artificial intelligence mobile cloud computing tool
• Development of a robotic teaching aid for disabled children
• Training system design of lower limb rehabilitation robot based on virtual reality

Part I
VIRTUAL REALITY, AUGMENTED REALITY TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH AND MEDICINE

CHAPTER 1
REVIEWS OF THE IMPLICATIONS OF VR/AR HEALTH CARE APPLICATIONS IN TERMS OF ORGANIZATIONAL AND SOCIETAL CHANGE

MUHAMMAD SHARIF¹, GHULAM JILLANI ANSARI,¹, MUSSARAT YASMIN¹, STEVEN LAWRENCE FERNANDES²

¹ Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Campus

² Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sahyadri College of Engineering & Management, Mangaluru, India

Emails: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract

Recently it has been observed that computer related applications are vigorously available to support training and learning of health care professionals being involved in diversified organizations to put into practice an impactful change in society. Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) are swiftly becoming progressively more available, accessible and most importantly within an individual reach. Thus, services and applications related to health care certainly improve the use of medical data. This will result in exploring new health care opportunities not only in the organizations but cover the whole society for auxiliary transformation and enhancement. Furthermore, combination of VR/AR technologies with Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) will present powerful and mainly unexplored application areas that will revolutionize health care and medicine practice. Hence, the aim of this systematic review is to implicate to which extent VR/AR health care services and applications are presently used to genuinely support for organizational and societal change.

Keywords: Health Care, Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, Immersion, AI, IoT

1.1 Introduction

Advances in technology directly affect our lives and behaviors. On one hand, it enhances our learning abilities effectively when integrated with our curriculum to alleviate submissive experiences of lectures for large number of students in the class. On the other hand, it acts as a tool for students to gain knowledge in a meaningful environment [52]. Therefore, the goal is to create a powerful interactive learning environment for students where they can use their inborn capabilities of learning to clutch intricate notions and acquire knowledge through participation, observation and simulation [28]. The term student is taken generally in this chapter for medical students, doctors, and various types of medical professionals, medical trainers and all those who are directly or indirectly using health care services and applications in society or in any organization for learning and training purposes.

Simulation technology is now being increasingly used to improve the student’s learning abilities in a variety of domains like marketing, engineering, education and most importantly in health care which is one of the biggest adopters of VR/AR like simulated surgery, treatment of phobia, robotic based surgery, skill based training, dentistry and disabled treatment are some of the examples. It is generally recognized that VR and AR are in the forefront having strong potential to lead health care for impactful change in society [10]. Nowadays, this can be possible with the development and provision of multimedia information delivery tools such as apps, pod-casts, medical and educational software and screen casts which can be easily used on personal computers and mobile devices specifically on smart phones [30, 51]. In addition, numerous visualization technologies have been released such as Oculus Rift, Gear VR and Head Mounted Displays (HMD) to incorporate VR in giving intuitive feeling of actually being engrossed in the simulated world [21]. AR is also known as mixed reality that has lined a possibility to understand the concepts in a novel way which was not ever possible in the past.

VR and AR can be viewed in Figure 1.1. Although there is a very slight difference between both concepts which will be discussed later in the chapter, but today, AR (mixed reality) shown in Figure 1.2, supersedes VR because of the collaboration of real world and virtual objects rather than the whole computer generated virtual world. Therefore, VR is now being transformed into AR in the near future gradually. Taking the advantage, we schematically unfold rest of the chapter by briefly discussing VR/AR, their formats and design elements, relationship among presence, reality and realism in context with VR/AR, features of VR/AR technologies and in detail the implications of VR/AR applications related to enhance health care issues using AI and IoT for impactful change in the society and organization. To end this chapter, challenges and limitations of the technology along with conclusion are finally discussed.

Figure 1.1 (a) Example of Virtual Reality [10], (b) Example of Augmented Reality Training in Health care [4]

Figure 1.2 Relationship of Real and Virtual Environment (Augmented Reality or Mixed Reality) [15]

1.2 Virtual Reality and Augmented ...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title page
• Copyright page
• List of Figures
• List of Tables
• Foreword
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Acronyms
• Part I: Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality Technologies and Applications For Health and Medicine
• Part II: Artificial Intelligence Technologies and Applications for Health and Medicine
• Part III: Robotics Technologies and Applications for Health and Medicine
• Part IV: Internet of Things Technologies and Applications for Health and Medicine
• End User License Agreement