Handbook of Road Ecology

Rodney van der Ree, Daniel J. Smith, Clara Grilo

• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
• Year: 2015
• Print ISBN: 9781118568187
• eBook ISBN: 9781118568163
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Biological Sciences
• Subtopic: Ecology
• Index: Biological Sciences

Winner of the IENE Project Award 2016.

This authoritative volume brings together some of the world's leading researchers, academics, practitioners and transportation agency personnel to present the current status of the ecological sustainability of the linear infrastructure – primarily road, rail and utility easements – that dissect and fragment landscapes globally. It outlines the potential impacts, demonstrates how this infrastructure is being improved, and how broad ecological principles are applied to mitigate the impact of road networks on wildlife.

Research and monitoring is an important aspect of road ecology, encompassing all phases of a transportation project. This book covers research and monitoring to span the entire project continuum – starting with planning and design, through construction and into maintenance and management. It focuses on impacts and solutions for species groups and specific regions, with particular emphasis on the unique challenges facing Asia, South America and Africa.

Other key features:

• Contributions from authors originating from over 25 countries, including from all continents
• Each chapter summarizes important lessons, and includes lists of further reading and thoroughly up to date references
• Highlights principles that address key points relevant to all phases in all road projects
• Explains best-practices based on a number of successful international case studies
• Chapters are "stand-alone", but they also build upon and complement each other; extensive cross-referencing directs the reader to relevant material elsewhere in the book

Handbook of Road Ecology offers a comprehensive summary of approximately 30 years of global efforts to quantify the impacts of roads and traffic and implement effective mitigation. As such, it is essential reading for those involved in the planning, design, assessment and construction of new roads; the management and maintenance of existing roads; and the modifying or retrofitting of existing roads and problem locations. This handbook is an accessible resource for both developed and developing countries, including government transportation agencies, Government environmental/conservation agencies, NGOs, and road funding and donor organisations.

Table of contents

• COVER
• TITLE PAGE
• TABLE OF CONTENTS
• NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS
• FOREWORD
• PREFACE
• ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
• ABOUT THE COMPANION WEBSITE
• Chapter 1: THE ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF LINEAR INFRASTRUCTURE AND TRAFFIC: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF RAPID GLOBAL GROWTH
• Chapter 2: BAD ROADS, GOOD ROADS
• Chapter 3: WHY KEEP AREAS ROAD-FREE? THE IMPORTANCE OF ROADLESS AREAS
• Chapter 4: INCORPORATING BIODIVERSITY ISSUES INTO ROAD DESIGN: THE ROAD AGENCY PERSPECTIVE
• Chapter 5: IMPROVING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND ROAD PLANNING AT THE LANDSCAPE SCALE
• Chapter 6: WHAT TRANSPORTATION AGENCIES NEED IN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTS AND OTHER REPORTS TO MINIMISE ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS
• Chapter 7: PRINCIPLES UNDERPINNING BIODIVERSITY OFFSETS AND GUIDANCE ON THEIR USE
• Chapter 8: CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS AND WILDLIFE MITIGATION MEASURES: PITFALLS AND OPPORTUNITIES
• Chapter 9: ENSURING THE COMPLETED ROAD PROJECT IS DESIGNED, BUILT AND OPERATED AS INTENDED
• Chapter 10: GOOD SCIENCE AND EXPERIMENTATION ARE NEEDED IN ROAD ECOLOGY
• Chapter 11: FIELD METHODS TO EVALUATE THE IMPACTS OF ROADS ON WILDLIFE
• Chapter 12: CASE STUDY: A ROBUST METHOD TO OBTAIN DEFENDABLE DATA ON WILDLIFE MORTALITY
• Chapter 13: ROAD–WILDLIFE MITIGATION PLANNING CAN BE IMPROVED BY IDENTIFYING THE PATTERNS AND PROCESSES ASSOCIATED WITH WILDLIFE-VEHICLE COLLISIONS
• Chapter 14: INCORPORATING LANDSCAPE GENETICS INTO ROAD ECOLOGY
• Chapter 15: GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATING USE OF WILDLIFE CROSSING STRUCTURES
• Chapter 16: GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ROAD MITIGATION MEASURES
• Chapter 17: HOW TO MAINTAIN SAFE AND EFFECTIVE MITIGATION MEASURES
• Chapter 18: UNDERSTANDING AND MITIGATING THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF ROAD LIGHTING ON ECOSYSTEMS
• Chapter 19: ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS OF ROAD NOISE AND OPTIONS FOR MITIGATION
• Chapter 20: FENCING: A VALUABLE TOOL FOR REDUCING WILDLIFE-VEHICLE COLLISIONS AND FUNNELLING FAUNA TO CROSSING STRUCTURES
• Chapter 21: WILDLIFE CROSSING STRUCTURES: AN EFFECTIVE STRATEGY TO RESTORE OR MAINTAIN WILDLIFE CONNECTIVITY ACROSS ROADS
• Chapter 22: RECREATIONAL CO-USE OF WILDLIFE CROSSING STRUCTURES
• Chapter 23: PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS AT WILDLIFE CROSSING STRUCTURES: BETWEEN MYTH AND REALITY
• Chapter 24: WILDLIFE WARNING SIGNS AND ANIMAL DETECTION SYSTEMS AIMED AT REDUCING WILDLIFE-VEHICLE COLLISIONS
• Chapter 25: USE OF REFLECTORS AND AUDITORY DETERRENTS TO PREVENT WILDLIFE–VEHICLE COLLISIONS
• Chapter 26: ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF RAILWAYS ON WILDLIFE
• Chapter 27: IMPACTS OF UTILITY AND OTHER INDUSTRIAL LINEAR CORRIDORS ON WILDLIFE
• Chapter 28: THE IMPACTS OF ROADS AND TRAFFIC ON TERRESTRIAL ANIMAL POPULATIONS
• Chapter 29: INSECTS, SNAILS AND SPIDERS: THE ROLE OF INVERTEBRATES IN ROAD ECOLOGY
• Chapter 30: CASE STUDY: PROTECTING CHRISTMAS ISLAND’S ICONIC RED CRABS FROM VEHICLES
• Chapter 31: MAKING A SAFE LEAP FORWARD: MITIGATING ROAD IMPACTS ON AMPHIBIANS
• Chapter 32: REPTILES: OVERLOOKED BUT OFTEN AT RISK FROM ROADS
• Chapter 33: FLIGHT DOESN’T SOLVE EVERYTHING: MITIGATION OF ROAD IMPACTS ON BIRDS
• Chapter 34: BATS AND ROADS
• Chapter 35: CARNIVORES: STRUGGLING FOR SURVIVAL IN ROADED LANDSCAPES
• Chapter 36: CASE STUDY: ROADS AND JAGUARS IN THE MAYAN FORESTS
• Chapter 37: CASE STUDY: FINDING THE MIDDLE ROAD – GROUNDED APPROACHES TO MITIGATE HIGHWAY IMPACTS IN TIGER RESERVES
• Chapter 38: CASE STUDY: AFRICAN WILD DOGS AND THE FRAGMENTATION MENACE
• Chapter 39: ROADS, TRAFFIC AND VERGES: BIG PROBLEMS AND BIG OPPORTUNITIES FOR SMALL MAMMALS
• Chapter 40: REDUCING ROAD IMPACTS ON TREE-DWELLING ANIMALS
• Chapter 41: CASE STUDY: CANOPY BRIDGES FOR PRIMATE CONSERVATION
• Chapter 42: TRANSPORTATION AND LARGE HERBIVORES
• Chapter 43: CASE STUDYTHE MOUNT KENYA ELEPHANT CORRIDOR AND UNDERPASS
• Chapter 44: FORM AND FUNCTION: A MORE NATURAL APPROACH TO INFRASTRUCTURE, FISH AND STREAM HABITATS
• Chapter 45: SOLUTIONS TO THE IMPACTS OF ROADS AND OTHER BARRIERS ON FISH AND FISH HABITAT
• Chapter 46: THE FUNCTION AND MANAGEMENT OF ROADSIDE VEGETATION
• Chapter 47: ROADS IN THE ARID LANDS: ISSUES, CHALLENGES AND POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS
• Chapter 48: ROAD ECOLOGY IN AN URBANISING WORLD
• Chapter 49: TROPICAL ECOSYSTEM VULNERABILITY AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS: PARTICULAR CHALLENGES FOR ROAD PLANNING, CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE
• Chapter 50: THE INFLUENCE OF ECONOMICS, POLITICS AND ENVIRONMENT ON ROAD ECOLOGY IN SOUTH AMERICA
• Chapter 51: HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION AS A FORCE IN THE DESTRUCTION OF THE AMAZON FOREST
• Chapter 52: ROAD ECOLOGY IN SOUTH INDIA: ISSUES AND MITIGATION OPPORTUNITIES
• Chapter 53: PLANNING ROADS THROUGH SENSITIVE ASIAN LANDSCAPES: REGULATORY ISSUES, ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS AND CHALLENGES FOR DECISION-MAKING
• Chapter 54: SETJHABA SA, SOUTH AFRIKA: A SOUTH AFRICAN PERSPECTIVE OF AN EMERGING TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
• Chapter 55: UNFENCED RESERVES, UNPARALLELED BIODIVERSITY AND A RAPIDLY CHANGING LANDSCAPE: ROADWAYS AND WILDLIFE IN EAST AFRICA
• Chapter 56: EXPECTED EFFECTS OF A ROAD ACROSS THE SERENGETI
• Chapter 57: CHINA: BUILDING AND MANAGING A MASSIVE ROAD AND RAIL NETWORK AND PROTECTING OUR RICH BIODIVERSITY
• Chapter 58: RAILWAYS, ROADS AND FENCES ACROSS KAZAKHSTAN AND MONGOLIA THREATEN THE SURVIVAL OF WIDE-RANGING WILDLIFE
• Chapter 59: BEST-PRACTICE GUIDELINES AND MANUALS
• Chapter 60: CASE STUDY: THE ROLE OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS (NGOs) AND ADVOCATES IN REDUCING THE IMPACTS OF ROADS ON WILDLIFE
• Chapter 61: CASE STUDY: Building A COMMUNITY OF PRACTICE FOR ROAD ECOLOGY
• Chapter 62: WILDLIFE/ROADKILL OBSERVATION AND REPORTING SYSTEMS
• GLOSSARY
• SPECIES
• INDEX
• END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT