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Born To Walk
The Transformative Power of a Pedestrian Act
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Born To Walk
The Transformative Power of a Pedestrian Act
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The humble act of putting one foot in front of the other transcends age, geography, culture and class, and is one of the most economical and environmentally responsible modes of transit. Yet with our modern fixation on speed, this healthy pedestrian activity has been largely left behind. At a personal and professional crossroads, writer, editor and obsessive walker Dan Rubinstein travelled throughout the UK, the US and Canada to walk with people who saw the act not only as a form of transportation and recreation, but also as a path to a better world.
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SOURCES
The majority of the interviews referenced below were completed specifically for this book. Others were simultaneously conducted for articles that were published in The Walrus, the Globe and Mail, The Economist, enRoute, Canadian Business, Ottawa Magazine, Spacing, Cottage Life and explore, where portions of the book have appeared.
PROLOGUE
âPerhaps walking is best imaginedâ: Rebecca Solnit, Wanderlust: A History of Walking (Penguin, 2001), 250.
âI walk in order to somatically medicate myselfâ: Will Self, âLeaving His Footprints on the City,â New York Times, 23 March 2012.
âMediated boredomâ: Evgeny Morozov, âOnly Disconnect,â The New Yorker, 28 October 2013.
â[A] state in which the mind, the body, and the world are aligned,â Solnit, Wanderlust, 5.
âFrench philosopher FrĂ©dĂ©ric Grosâ: FrĂ©dĂ©ric Gros, A Philosophy of Walking (Verso, 2014).
âBritish author Nick Huntâ: Nick Hunt, Walking the Woods and the Water: In Patrick Leigh Fermorâs Footsteps From the Hook of Holland to the Golden Horn (Nicholas Brealey, 2014).
âHistorian Matthew Algeoâ: Matthew Algeo, Pedestrianism: When Watching People Walk Was Americaâs Favorite Spectator Sport (Chicago Review Press, 2014).
âNaturalist Trevor Herriotâ: Trevor Herriot, The Road Is How: A Prairie Pilgrimage Through Nature, Desire and Soul (HarperCollins Canada, 2014).
1: BODY
Interviews with Stanley Vollant and other Innu Meshkenu walk participants, February and March 2013, between Manawan, QC, and Rapid Lake, QC.
âCanadaâs 1.4 million Aboriginal peopleâ: www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/as-sa/99-011-x/99-011-x2011001-eng.cfm.
âAboriginal men and women die an averageâ: Statistics Canada, Life Expectancy, www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/89-645-x/2010001/life-expectancy-esperance-vie-eng.htm.
âInfant mortality rateâ: Assembly of First Nations, âFact Sheet â Quality of Life of First Nations,â June 2011, www.afn.ca/uploads/files/factsheets/quality_of_life_final_fe.pdf.
âChronic medical conditionâ: Health Canada, First Nations and Inuit Health, www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fniah-spnia/diseases-maladies/index-eng.php.
âFirst Nations children ⊠overweight or obeseâ: Public Health Agency of Canada, Obesity in Canada â Snapshot, www .phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/2009/oc/index-eng.php.
âA full-blown crisisâ: Heart and Stroke Foundation, âA perfect storm of heart disease looming on our horizon,â 25 January 2010, www.heartandstroke.com/atf/cf/{99452D8B-E7F1-4BD6-A57D-B136CE6C95BF}/Jan23_EN_ReportCard.pdf.
âStatistics on ⊠incarcerationâ: Office of the Correctional Investigator, Annual Report 2012â2013, www.oci-bec.gc.ca/cnt/rpt/annrpt/annrpt20122013-eng.aspx.
âMost common cause of deathâ: Health Canada, First Nations & Inuit Health, www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fniah-spnia/promotion/mental/index-eng.php.
âYoungest and fastest-growing demographic groupâ: Statistics Canada, Aboriginal Peoples in Canada, www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/as-sa/99-011-x/99-011-x2011001-eng.cfm.
âIndian Timeâ: Duncan McCue, Reporting in Indigenous Communities, www.riic.ca/the-guide/in-the-field/indian-time/.
Interviews with Jean-Charles Fortin, February and March 2013, between Manawan, QC, and Rapid Lake, QC.
âAmericans are in the habitâ: Jeff Speck, Walkable City: How Downtown Can Save America, One Step at a Time (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012), 101.
âA pedometer studyâ: Tom Vanderbilt, âThe Crisis in American Walking,â Slate, 10 April 2012, www.slate.com/articles/life/walking/2012/04/why_don_t_americans_walk_more_the_crisis_of_pedestrianism_.html.
âThe decline of walkingâ: Vanderbilt, âThe Crisis in American Walking.â
Tom Vanderbilt, Traffic: Why We Drive the Way We Do (and What It Says About Us) (Vintage, 2008).
âLondon physiologist Richard Dollâ: Richard Doll and Austin Bradford Hill, âSmoking and Carcinoma of the Lung: Preliminary Report,â British Medical Journal 2 (30 September 1950): 739â748.
âBritish health minister Iain Macleodâ: The National Archives, The Cabinet Papers 1915â1984, www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/cabinetpapers/themes/one-page.htm.
âLondon doctor Jerry Morrisâ: Simon Kuper, âThe Man Who Invented Exercise,â FT Magazine, 12 September 2009, www .ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/e6ff90ea-9da2-11de-9f4a-00144feabdc0 .html#axzz3E3QFLQUS.
âCoronary Heart-Disease and Physical Activity of Work,â Jerry Morris, The Lancet 262, no. 6795 (November 1953): 1053â1057.
âUpright ambulationâ: Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, humanorigins.si.edu/human-characteristics/walking; and Erin Wayman, âBecoming Human,â Smithsonian, 6 August 2012, www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/becoming-human-the-evolution-of-walking-upright-13837658/?no-ist.
âUsing a stiff legâ: Jennifer Ackerman, âThe Downside of Upright,â National Geographic, July 2006.
âThe Brain from Top to Bottomâ: thebrain.mcgill.ca.
âNarrow birth canalsâ: Ackerman, âThe Downside of Upright.â
âA lot of basic movementsâ: Peter Tyson, âOur Improbably Ability to Walk,â NOVA, 20 September 2012, www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/our-ability-to-walk.html.
âWalking upright ⊠made our species smarterâ: Richard Shine and James Shine, âDelegation to automaticity: the driving force for cognitive evolution?â Frontiers in Neuroscience 8, no. 90 (29 April 2014).
âEvolution...