Cases in Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Peter H. Gilligan, Daniel S. Shapiro, Melissa B. Miller

• Verlag: ASM Press
• Jahr: 2014
• ISBN:
  9781683673439
• Auflage: 4
• Thema: Medicine
• Thema: Medical Microbiology & Parasitology

Cases in Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases challenges students to develop a working knowledge of the variety of microorganisms that cause infections in humans. This valuable, interactive text will help them better understand the clinical importance of the basic science concepts presented in medical microbiology or infectious disease courses.

The cases are presented as "unknowns" and represent actual case presentations of patients the authors have encountered. Each case is accompanied by several questions to test knowledge in four broad areas including the organism's characteristics and laboratory diagnosis; pathogenesis and clinical characteristics of the infection; epidemiology; and prevention and, in some cases, drug resistance and treatment.

This new fourth edition includes:

• an entirely new section, "Advanced Cases, " which includes newly recognized disease agents as well as highly complex cases where the interaction of the immune system and human pathogens can be more closely examined
• a revised "Primer on the Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases" section that reflects the increasing importance of molecular-based assays
• Forty-two new cases that explore the myriad advances in the study of infectious disease in the past decade
• Thirty-two updated cases that reflect the current state of the art as it relates to the organism causing the infection

This textbook also include specific tools to assist students in solving the cases, including a table of normal values, glossary of medical terms, and figures illustrating microscopic organism morphology, laboratory tests, and clinical symptoms. Cases in Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases is a proven resource for preparing for Part I of the National Board of Medical Examiners Exam and an excellent reference for infectious disease rotations.

GLOSSARY

abscess

A cavity of liquefactive necrosis within solid tissue as a result of a localized infection; this can be the result of an acute or a chronic process.

abrasion

A shallow denuding of skin, confined to the epidermis.

accidental host

A host that harbors a parasite but is not the normal host for that parasite species.

achlorhydria

Absence of gastric acid production.

acid-fast

Pertaining to a group of organisms that resist decolorization by acid-alcohol; typically associated with Mycobacterium and Nocardia spp.

acidosis

Pathological condition in which the arterial pH drops below the normal value.

acute

The initial phase or most severe phase of a disease.

acute specimen

A specimen that is collected from the patient during the initial or acute illness.

adenocarcinoma

Malignancy of glandular epithelium.

adenopathy

An enlargement of a lymph node or lymph nodes in response to some stimulus such as inflammation or infection; can occur singly or in multiple nodes; also referred to as lymphadenopathy.

adhesins

Proteins in the bacterial cell surface or cellular appendages which allow bacteria to adhere to a surface or to other cells.

adnexa

An appendage to an organ or structure.

adrenalitis

Inflammation of the adrenal gland.

aerobic

Pertaining to a microorganism that must grow in the presence of oxygen (a “strict aerobe”) or may grow in the presence of oxygen (a “facultative aerobe”).

aerosol

A collection of solid or liquid particles suspended in a gas, such as a liquid that is dispersed in fine droplets through the air.

afebrile

Relating to the absence of fever.

agglutination

The interaction between a particulate antigen and antibodies specific for that particular antigen; the antigen-antibody complex leads to the aggregation or clumping of the antigen-containing material.

AIDS

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, a disease caused by one of the HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) retroviruses; the condition is characterized by the depletion of lymphocytes with subsequent failure of the immune system.

airborne precautions

Protective measures to prevent the transmission of airborne disease (such as tuberculosis), such as requiring a respirator mask for providers and a negative-pressure room for patients.

allele

One of a series of two or more different genes that occupy the same location on a homologous chromosome.

allogenic

Not genetically identical.

allograft

Tissue transplanted from a non-genetically identical donor.

alopecia

Hair loss.

alpha-hemolytic

Pertaining to a reaction seen typically on agar medium containing sheep red blood cells, in which the area surrounding a colony has a green hue; the most medically important alpha-hemolytic organism is Streptococcus pneumoniae.

alveolar macrophages

Macrophages which are found in the alveolus of the lung; part of the innate immune system.

alveolus

An air sac in the lung consisting of a single layer of cells surrounded...