Biological Sciences
Immune Evasion
Immune evasion refers to the strategies employed by pathogens, such as viruses and bacteria, to avoid detection and destruction by the host's immune system. These strategies can include disguising themselves to appear as self, inhibiting immune cell function, or directly attacking immune cells. By evading the immune response, pathogens are able to establish infection and persist within the host.
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3 Key excerpts on "Immune Evasion"
eBook - ePubUnifying Microbial Mechanisms
Shared Strategies of Pathogenesis
- Michael F. Cole(Author)
- 2019(Publication Date)
- Garland Science(Publisher)
Basic immunology, 5rd ed. Elsevier, St. Louis, MO.Alcami A. 2003. Viral mimicry of cytokines, chemokines and their receptors. Nature Reviews Immunology, 3(January): 37-50.Baena A, Porcelli SA. 2009. Evasion and subversion of antigen presentation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tissue Antigens, 74(3): 189–204.Van Avondt K et al. 2015. Bacterial Immune Evasion through manipulation of host inhibitory immune signaling. PLoS Pathogens, March 5. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1004644.Bowie AG, Unterholzner L. Viral evasion and subversion of pattern-recognition receptor signalling. Nature Reviews Immunology, 8(December): 911–922.Brodsky FM et al. 1999. Human pathogen subversion of antigen presentation. Immunological Reviews, 168: 199–215.Brodsky IE, Medzhitov R. 2009. Targeting of immune signalling networks by bacterial pathogens. Nature Cell Biology, 11(5): 521–526.Castañeda-Sánchez JI et al. 2017. Chapter 8, B lymphocyte as a target of bacterial iInfections. In: Ed. Isvoranu G (Ed.), Lymphocyte Updates: Cancer, Autoimmunity and Infection. IntechOpen, London, UK. https://www.intechopen.com/books/lymphocyte-updates-cancer-autoimmunity-and-infection .Collette JR, Lorenz MC. 2011. Mechanisms of Immune Evasion in fungal pathogens. Current Opinion in Microbiology, 14: 668–675.Deitsch KW et al. 2009. Common strategies for antigenic variation by bacterial, fungal and protozoan pathogens. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 7(7): 493–503.Dinko B, Pradel G. 2018. Immune Evasion by Plasmodium falciparum parasites: Converting a host protection mechanism for the parasite’s benefit. Advances in Infectious Diseases, 6: 82–95.Feng Z-P et al. 2006. Abundance of intrinsically unstructured proteins in P. falciparum and other apicomplexan parasite proteomes. Molecular & Biochemical Parasitology, 150: 256–267.Fernandes RK et al. 2015. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
- L.H.T. Van Der Ploeg(Author)
- 2012(Publication Date)
- Academic Press(Publisher)
PART IV GENETIC MECHANISMS IN Immune Evasion: MOLECULAR GENETICS OF PARASITIC ORGANISMS This page intentionally left blank 15 Escape from the Host Humoral Response: Examples from Two Microbial Pathogens MAGDALENE SO,* KAREN A. NORRIS,* A N D H. S. S E I F E R T ^Department of Molecular Biology Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation La Jolla, California 92037 and ^Department of Microbiology and Immunology Northwestern University Medical School Chicago, Illinois 60611 The success of a pathogen depends in part on its ability to escape from the host immune response. Numerous mechanisms have evolved for this pur-pose. Those studied in the most detail at the genetic level have been from pathogenic bacteria because of the relative ease with which many of these prokaryotes can be manipulated. However, data have accumulated in recent years on the molecular nature of Immune Evasion from a number of other systems. It is not the purpose of this article to give a comprehensive review of these systems. Rather, we would like to present data that address the issue of evasion of the host humoral response from the standpoint of two widely disparate pathogens: Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Trypanosoma cruzi. The pilin and PII proteins of N. gonorrhoeae are major virulence factors which undergo extensive and high-frequency antigenic variation. No animal model exists to test rigorously the hypothesis that antigenic variation in this bacterial pathogen serves the purpose of Immune Evasion. However, human volunteer studies have shown that inoculation of a single strain of the gono-coccus, producing one pilin type, invariably yields variants which produce other pilin types (1). Furthermore, studies of an epidemic whose source was 1 7 5 Immune Recognition and Evasion: Molecular Aspects of Host-Parasite Interaction Copyright © 1990 by Academic Press, Inc. All rights of reproduction in any form reserved.
eBook - PDF- German Rosas-Acosta(Author)
- 2013(Publication Date)
- IntechOpen(Publisher)
Chapter 4 © 2013 Chakraborty et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. An Overview of the Immune Evasion Strategies Adopted by Different Viruses with Special Reference to Classical Swine Fever Virus S. Chakraborty, B.M. Veeregowda, R. Deb, and B.M. Chandra Naik Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/55435 1. Introduction Viruses are considered as extremely successful predators as they can replicate and control the host cell synthesizing machinery. Viruses have coevolved with their hosts and thus have limited pathogenicity in any immunocompromised natural host. Viruses can exist in two forms: extra cellular virion particles and intracellular genomes. Virions are more resistant to physical stress than genomes but are susceptible to humoral immune control. Nevertheless, to exist as a species, virus replication and transfer to a new host are essential. These processes are associated with the production of antigenic proteins that make the virus vulnerable to immune control mechanisms ‘warning’ the host of the presence of an invader [1]. There are two classes of viral immunoregulatory proteins: the proteins encoded by genes having sequence similarity with cellular genes and those coded by genes without any sequence similarity to cellular genes. The second class of protein may represent a paradigm for co-evolution [2]. During the period of coexistence with their hosts, viruses have learned how to manipulate host immune control mechanism.
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