Big Five Personality Traits
The Big Five Personality Traits, also known as the Five Factor Model, are a set of five broad dimensions that are used to describe human personality. These traits include openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. In a business context, understanding these traits can help in hiring decisions, team building, and leadership development.
7 Key excerpts on "Big Five Personality Traits"
- Annamaria Di Fabio, Donald H. Saklofske, Con Stough(Authors)
- 2020(Publication Date)
- Wiley(Publisher)
...Big Five Model of Personality Sarah E. Babcock and Claire A. Wilson The University of Western Ontario Overview The Big Five (sometimes referred to as the Five Factor Model) is a widely accepted model of human personality traits. It includes five broad dimensions, also called factors, used by many psychologists to describe and label personality characteristics. These factors are thought to represent the basic underlying structure behind all personality traits. The Big Five consists of five broad factors of personality traits, which include: Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness to Experience. This concept of personality as we currently understand it, has a long history with many contributors. The Big Five has its early roots in the late 1930s, where psychologists turned to natural language as the source of identifying attributes for a personality naming structure. The work began with a lexical approach of extracting all personality‐related terms from the dictionary; this lexical hypothesis logic suggests that most of the socially relevant personality characteristics are encoded in our natural language. At first there were a multitude of terms, with words in the many thousands, however, through the work of multiple research groups over many years, psychologists identified common themes in the language, and the identification of specific themes (clusters of words) began to emerge. While the specific labels applied to these dimensions varied between researchers, the underlying themes were extremely similar and a consensus among researchers became more pronounced. While sometimes referred to as a theory of personality, the five factors were determined through exploratory factor analysis, a statistical technique used to analyze ratings of correlated personality traits. As such, the Big Five is more appropriately understood as an empirically‐based model of personality...
eBook - ePubBe Your Own Personality Coach
A practical guide to discover your hidden strengths and reach your true potential
- Paul Jenner(Author)
- 2011(Publication Date)
- Teach Yourself(Publisher)
...1 The Big Five In this chapter you will learn: how to measure personality the Big Five Personality Traits your own five-factor personality scores. Most psychologists now agree that your personality, and everyone else’s, can usefully be defined in terms of just five traits. According to this five-factor model, you are the product of various amounts of: O penness C onscientiousness E xtroversion A greeableness N euroticism. I’ve stated them in that order because they can then easily be remembered using the acronym OCEAN, but there’s no particular order of importance. Of course, you may wish to argue that your personality is far too complex to be reduced to a web of five dimensions. Raymond Catell (1905–1998), one of the outstanding psychologists of his time, used a framework of 16 traits and the most recent edition of the test that he first introduced in 1949 has as many as 185 multiple-choice questions. His 16 factors are: warmth reasoning emotional stability dominance liveliness rule-consciousness social boldness sensitivity vigilance abstractedness privateness apprehension openness to change self-reliance perfectionism tension. But, in fact, Catell, too, considered that there were five ‘global’ or ‘second-order’ factors that are more or less the Big Five. At the opposite end of the scale, the specialist in personality theory Hans Eysenck (1916–1997) concluded that no matter how ‘deep’ you think you are, it’s possible to capture your personality with just two factors, Extroversion and Neuroticism. Variations in these two provided four basic personality types (very much as the Greek physician Hippocrates had proposed more than 2,000 years earlier)...
eBook - ePub- Neil Christiansen, Robert Tett, Neil Christiansen, Robert Tett(Authors)
- 2013(Publication Date)
- Routledge(Publisher)
...As described below, those traits are presumed to represent facets of the higher-level Big Five personality factors (see Table 14.1). Each trait or facet score is derived as an aggregated response computed over several self-report personality statements describing characteristic behaviors. The NEO-PI-R scales have been used in prediction studies and have been found to be related to important work-relevant criteria such as career risk taking (Nicholson, Soane, Fenton-O’Creevy, & Willman, 2005), leadership effectiveness (Judge & Bono, 2000), supervisor ratings of job performance (Piedmont & Weinstein, 1994), and performance of police recruits during basic training (Black, 2000 ; Detrick & Chibnall, 2006). Personality Factor Measures Without question, the most widely accepted model of personality structure in psychology today is the Big Five (Goldberg, 1990, 1992, 1993), also known as the FFM (Costa & McCrae, 1992). Those five personality factors, suggested by some to be universal and comprehensive, are commonly labeled as extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience. As already illustrated with our example of conscientiousness in Figure 14.1, each factor is thought to comprise several lower-level personality traits and, thus, to reside at the top of the personality hierarchy. The FFM emerged from factor-analytic studies of the everyday personality lexicon, supported by parallel studies of published personality questionnaires (for reviews, see Block, 1995 ; Digman, 1990 ; John, 1990 ; McCrae & John, 1992). Notwithstanding some serious criticisms related to the reductionistic quality of the FFM and the inevitability of finding the Big Five in typical personality measures due to variable pre-selection (e.g., Block, 1995, 2001), the Big Five factors have had a profound impact on I/O psychology (Mount & Barrick, 1998 ; Viswesvaran & Ones, 2000)...
- (Author)
- 2020(Publication Date)
- Wiley(Publisher)
...In that order, the factors are Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. Openness to Experience often points to those who are creative, open‐minded, and intellectual. The opposite would be people who prefer to do things the way they have always been done and would likely thrive in structured environments. Conscientious people tend to be very organized and responsible. They can be counted on and are known to see things through to the end. In contrast, those low in this factor are often unreliable and even irresponsible. Extraversion, the most popular of the five factors, represents a general tendency to be around other people and to prefer socialization over isolation. In contrast, a more Introverted person avoids large gatherings and is often exhausted after participating in social situations. Agreeableness points to a general tendency to go along with what others want and to avoid asserting oneself when doing so would be in contrast with others’ thoughts or desires. Disagreeable people, however, almost prefer to argue their point and have no problem telling you what they think even if it means disagreeing with the beliefs or opinions of others. Finally, Neuroticism represents a general uneasiness and emotionality, especially in times of uncertainty. The opposite end of this continuum, Emotional Stability, is often used to characterize the factor and describes a person who is generally even‐keeled and does not let much affect his/her feelings and emotions. Facets Perhaps as a result of attempts to fully define the factors of this model and to address questions concerning whether the model is missing important personality characteristics (e.g. a sixth factor), examination of the factors has led to identification of finer‐grained components, typically called facets...
eBook - ePubMachiavellianism
The Psychology of Manipulation
- Tamás Bereczkei(Author)
- 2017(Publication Date)
- Routledge(Publisher)
...One of these factors is the above-mentioned Extroversion. Another factor is Agreeableness that encompasses various degrees of likeability, emotional support, care, altruism and their negative counterparts. The factor of Conscientiousness is related to responsibility, achievement motivation, persistence and goal-directed behaviour. The factor of Emotional Stability or Emotionality (or Neuroticism in an alternative terminology) refers to the way people emotionally react to environmental effects such as negative stimuli (e.g. a stressful situation) that make some people upset easily while eliciting a calm and balanced response in others. Finally, Openness to experience, or Intellectual Openness, includes imaginativeness, creativity, interest and the quickness of uptake. The most important characteristics of the five factors, that is, the adjectives which best describe them, are shown in Box 3.1. Box 3.1 The Big Five Model Bipolar and unipolar adjective scales characterise the five principal factors of personality (Carver & Scheier 1998). Unipolar scales describe the contents or “theme” of each factor while bipolar scales specify the extremes of the personality traits in each factor...
- Amy E. Wenzel(Author)
- 2017(Publication Date)
- SAGE Publications, Inc(Publisher)
...The first domain, extraversion (E), refers to the quantity and intensity of one’s preferred social interactions, need for stimulation, and activity level. Individuals high in E tend to be sociable, active, and talkative, whereas those low in E tend to be aloof, independent, and quiet. Agreeableness (A) measures the interactions that individuals prefer, ranging from compassion to hostility. Those high in A tend to be good-natured and trusting, whereas those low in A may be cynical and/or irritable. Conscientiousness (C) refers to one’s organization, persistence, control, and motivation in self-directed behavior. Those high in C are typically organized, reliable, and hardworking, whereas those low in C may be lazy and careless. Neuroticism (N) measures the tendency to experience intense or unstable negative emotions. An individual high in N tends to be prone to psychological distress, such as anxiety or depression, whereas those low on N would typically be described as calm, relaxed, and emotionally stable. The last domain, openness (O), assesses how much an individual seeks and appreciates novel experiences. Those high in O tend to be curious and imaginative and open to a wide array of experiences, whereas individuals low in O tend to be more conservative and conventional in their beliefs and attitudes and may prefer familiar routines. Within each of the five domains are a set of more specific traits, called facets. Although there are no “official” facets for the FFM, many researchers have created sets related to the domains. One commonly used set of facets is found in the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R), a revision of the NEO PI developed by Costa and McCrae. The NEO-PI-R includes six facet scales for each of the five dimensions that detail more specific aspects of the domain. However, the 30 facets on the NEO-PI-R are not the only facets related to the FFM, as other measures have been created with alternative labels and numbers of facets...
- Steven G. Rogelberg(Author)
- 2016(Publication Date)
- SAGE Publications, Inc(Publisher)
...Big Five Taxonomy of Personality Big Five Taxonomy of Personality Eric D. Heggestad Eric D. Heggestad Heggestad, Eric D. 117 120 Big Five Taxonomy of Personality Eric D. Heggestad Personality traits are characteristic behaviors, thoughts, and feelings of an individual that tend to occur across diverse situations and are relatively stable over time. Given this broad definition, literally thousands of personality traits can be identified. For the better part of 100 years, personality researchers have attempted to create a standard taxonomy, or organizing structure, of personality traits. Although some disagreement remains, the Big Five taxonomy is currently the dominant perspective on the organization of personality traits. The Big Five traits can be identified using trait-descriptive terms that convey the central aspects of the traits, as follows: Neuroticism. Anxious, temperamental, nervous, moody versus confident, relaxed, unexcitable Extraversion. Sociable, energetic, active, assertive versus shy, reserved, withdrawn, unadventurous Openness. Intellectual, innovative, artistic, complex versus unimaginative, simple, unsophisticated Agreeableness. Trusting, trustful, helpful, generous versus cold, harsh, rude, unsympathetic Conscientiousness. Organized, neat, thorough, systematic, efficient versus careless, undependable, haphazard, sloppy The term Big Five was coined by Lewis R. Goldberg in 1981 and was meant to signify that these traits are broad in nature...
