Gigabyte

6 Key excerpts on "Gigabyte"

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  eBook - PDF

  Understanding Computers

  Today and Tomorrow: Comprehensive

  • Deborah Morley, Charles Parker(Authors)
  • 2016(Publication Date)
  • Cengage Learning EMEA

    (Publisher)

  Document size, storage capacity, and memory capacity are all measured in bytes. < > Bit. The smallest unit of data a digital computer can recognize; represented by a 0 or a 1. > Byte. A group of 8 bits. > Kilobyte (KB). Approximately 1 thousand bytes. > Megabyte (MB). Approximately 1 million bytes. > Gigabyte (GB). Approximately 1 billion bytes. > Terabyte (TB). Approximately 1 trillion bytes. > Petabyte (PB). Approximately 1,000 terabytes. > Exabyte (EB). Approximately 1,000 petabytes. > Zettabyte (ZB). Approximately 1,000 exabytes. > Yottabyte (YB). Approximately 1,000 zettabytes. > Decimal numbering system. The numbering system that represents all numbers using 10 symbols (0–9). > Binary numbering system. The numbering system that represents all numbers using just two symbols (0 and 1). In computer science, the International System of Units ( SI ) prefixes are used to measure bytes instead of the prefixes shown in Figure 2-2 and it’s important to know that the measurements are slightly different. For example, 1 mebibtye ( MiB ) = 2 20 or 1,048,576 bytes while 1 megabyte ( MB ) = 10 6 or 1,000,000 bytes. However, in everyday use, the terms tend to be used interchangeably. TIP Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. CHAPTER 2 THE SYSTEM UNIT, PROCESSING, AND MEMORY 53 HW FIGURE 2-3 Examples of using the decimal and binary numbering systems.

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  eBook - PDF

  The Silicon Web

  Physics for the Internet Age

  • Michael G. Raymer(Author)
  • 2009(Publication Date)
  • CRC Press

    (Publisher)

  2.8.1 Bits, Bytes, and Other Units The basic unit of information is the bit. One byte is defined as 8 bits and is abbrevi-ated as B. For example, you might ask a salesperson how much memory a particular memory device has, and the response might be “1,000 bytes.” This is the same as 8,000 bits. When the number of bits is much larger, we use other units—the kilobyte (kB), megabyte (MB), Gigabyte (GB), and terabyte (TB). Recall that according to the standard metric system definitions, 1 the prefix k means 10 3 , M means 10 6 , G means 10 9 , and T means 10 12 . In common computer science usage, however, these symbols are often “misused” to mean 2 10 , 2 20 , 2 30 , and 2 40 , respectively. This usage arose out of the desire to have slang names for these quantities, and because of the near correspondence between the values: 10 3 = 1,000 whereas 2 10 = 1024; 10 6 = 1,000,000 whereas 2 20 = 1,048,576; 10 9 = 1,000,000,000 whereas 2 30 = 1,073,741,824; etc. Throughout this text, we will use the standard base-ten definitions of k, M, G, and T, except where otherwise noted. For example, when we write GB, we mean 10 9 B or 10 9 bytes. THINK AGAIN Given a hard drive that can store 40,000,000,000 bytes, some computer sell-ers might state that it can store 40 GB, whereas another seller using a differ-ent definition for G might state that the same hard drive stores 37.25 GB. THINK AGAIN The word bit is used here in two different ways. Bit can mean a binary digit, 0 or 1. Bit can also mean the basic unit of information. 1 The international standards for the physical sciences and for commerce are set by the International System of Units, abbreviated SI units from the French name Système International d’Unités. Although this system does not mention bits and bytes, it is clear on the meanings of the prefixes k, M, G, and T. Because of the potential confu-sion, a set of new binary prefixes for bits and bytes was introduced in 1998 by the International Electrochemical Commission (IEC).

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  eBook - ePub

  Basic Laboratory Calculations for Biotechnology

  • Lisa A. Seidman(Author)
  • 2021(Publication Date)
  • CRC Press

    (Publisher)

  is 8 bits. One byte is the amount of memory required to store one character. There are kilobytes (about 1000 bytes), megabytes (about 1 million bytes), Gigabytes (about one billion bytes), and terabytes (about one trillion bytes). One kilobyte is roughly equivalent to one page of double-spaced text.

  1. ■ 1 Byte  =  8 bits  =  one character
  2. ■ 1 kilobyte  =  1 KB  =  about 1,000 bytes  =  103 bytes  =  one thousand bytes
  3. ■ 1 Megabyte  =  1 MB  =  about 1,000,000 bytes  =  106 bytes  =  one million bytes
  4. ■ 1 Gigabyte  =  1 GB  =  about 1,000,000,000 bytes  =  109 bytes  =  one billion bytes
  5. ■ 1 Terabyte  =  1 TB  =  about 1,000,000,000,000 bytes  =  1012 bytes  =  one trillion bytes

  Practice Problems

  1. 1. 1 TB = ______ GB = ______ MB = ________ KB
     2. 10 GB = ______ MB
     3. 100 KB = ______ MB
  2. If your digital photos on the average require 20 MB:
     1. How many will fit on a 64 GB memory card?
     2. How many will fit on a 1 TB memory card?
  3. Suppose as lab manager you need to back up the laboratory’s data on an external hard drive. Each researcher in the laboratory wants at least 500 GB. There are seven researchers in the laboratory.
     1. What is the minimum size hard drive that will be sufficient at the moment?
     2. What is the maximum size external hard drive or other memory device that is available at the time you are reading this text?

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  eBook - ePub

  Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary

  • J.K. Petersen(Author)
  • 2018(Publication Date)
  • CRC Press

    (Publisher)

  9 ) bytes. Data rates are often described in gigabits per second (Gbps) or, for very fast rates, may be described as Gigabytes per seond (GBps). Gigabytes are also used to describe the storage capacities of a large number of tape and hard drive storage media.

  Gigabyte System Network GSN. See Hippi-6400.

  GIGAMO A Gigabyte-class magneto-optical storage technology developed by Fujitsu Limited and Sony Corporation, announced in November 1998. It was the first widely available magnetic-induced super resolution (MSR) technology, providing 1.3 GBytes of storage on a 3.5-inch disc with a 5.92 MBytes per second transfer rate. GIGAMO retains the same cartridge size and disc diameter as ISO/IEC 15041 standards but has higher linear bit densities. The data storage capacity is about twice that of the widely adopted 640-MByte CD-ROM discs, and the technology is backwardly compatible, using the same write heads as earlier systems. See magnetic super resolution.

  GIGO garbage in, garbage out. An abbreviation to describe a situation in which output cannot be better than its corresponding input, with the implication that it is the fault and responsibility of the developer or data entry person if the system gives back bad or incomplete information. See garbage in/garbage out.

  GII See global information infrastructure.

  gilbert A centimeter-gram-second (CGS) unit of magnetomotive force equal to 10 divided by 4p ampere-turn. It is named after William Gilbert.

  Gilbert, William (1544–1603) An English physicist and physician who investigated electrostatic charges in various substances. He observed that magnetized iron lost its attractive power when heated to red heat and published De magnete (On the magnet) in 1600. He emphasized the distinctions between the magnetic effect of substances, such as lodestone, and the attractive properties of amber, a distinction previously promoted by J. Cardan in 1550 but at the time still not widely considered. In his treatise, he used the word electrica

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  eBook - ePub

  The Tao of Computing

  • Henry M. Walker(Author)
  • 2012(Publication Date)
  • Chapman and Hall/CRC

    (Publisher)

  In this system, 00000000 represents the decimal number 0, 00000001 represents the decimal number 1, 00000010 represents the decimal number 2, and so forth. Following this pattern, the largest binary number would be 11111111 or 128 + 64 + … + 2 + 1 (decimal) or 255. Altogether, this approach allows us to store the integers 0 through 255, inclusive, for an 8-bit number or byte; and we can conclude that one byte of data can take on 256 different values. Of course, this range is adequate for some data storage purposes in computers, but not for others. The 8-bit number with a range of 256 alternatives will arise several times later in this chapter and throughout the book.

  GROUPING DATA

  In computing, as well as in other fields of science, it is common to use a prefix to specify the size of a collection of data:

  • Kilo (K): thousand (or sometimes 1024 = 210 )
  • Mega (M): million (or sometimes 1,048,576 = 220 )
  • Giga (G): billion (or sometimes 1,073,741,824 = 230 )
  • Tera (T): trillion (or sometimes 1,099,511,627,776 = 240 )

  Thus, 2,097,152 bits (2 times 1,048,576 bits) is called 2 megabits or 2 Mbits, and 3,758,096,384 bytes (3.5 times 1,073,741,824 bits) are called 3.5 Gigabytes or 3.5 Gbytes.

  Note: In many scientific applications, the terms kilo, mega, giga, and tera refer to powers of 10 (e.g., thousand, million, billion, and trillion, respectively). However, as described in Chapters 2 and 3 , much work in computing uses binary numbers, and sizes are therefore given in powers of 2. As 210 = 1024 is about a thousand, it is common for computing descriptions to write “kilo” for “thousand,” but mean 1024. Similar comments apply to the terms mega, giga, and tera.

  As binary numbers provide an effective way to represent data in computers, this approach is widely used. Data stored this way is often said to be digital.

  What other approaches can be used to store data, in addition to “digital” data?

  When we first discussed the representation of data in the previous question, we mentioned two main approaches for representing numbers. The first approach, using digital storage, involved binary digits: 0 and 1. In this approach, data (e.g., numbers) were translated into a sequence of 0s and 1s (e.g., the decimal number 77 was represented as the binary number 01001101). Within electrical equipment, a 0 might be translated to a circuit with no voltage or electrical current, and a 1 might be translated to a circuit in which current was flowing or voltage was set above 1.7 volts. This approach is called a digital

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  eBook - PDF

  MIS

  • Hossein Bidgoli(Author)
  • 2020(Publication Date)
  • Cengage Learning EMEA

    (Publisher)

  In an EBCDIC file, each alphabetic, numeric, or special character is represented with an 8-bit binary number. The “A Supercomputer in Your Pocket” box high- lights the power of smartphones that are faster than a supercomputer of a few years ago. 2-4 COMPUTER OPERATIONS Computers can perform three basic tasks: arithmetic operations, logical operations, and storage and retrieval operations. All other tasks are performed using one or a combination of these operations. For example, playing a computer game could require a combination of all three operations. During a game, your computer may perform calculations in order to make a decision (such as whether to move from point A to point B), it may compare two numbers, and it may perform storage and retrieval func- tions for going forward with the process. Computers can add, subtract, multiply, divide, and raise numbers to a power (exponentiation), as shown in the following examples: A 1 B (addition) 5 7 12 1 5 A 2 B (subtraction) 5 2 3 2 5 A ∗ B (multiplication) 5 p 5 2 10 A / B (division) . 5 5 / 2 2 5 A B ` (exponentiation) 5 ` 5 2 25 Computers can perform com- parison operations by comparing two numbers. For example, a computer can compare x to y and determine which number is larger. Computers can store massive amounts of data in very small spaces and locate a particular item quickly. For example, you can store the text of 1 bit A single value of 0 or 1 8 bits 1 byte or character 2 10 bytes 1,000 bytes, or 1 kilobyte (KB) 2 20 bytes 1,000,000 bytes, or 1 megabyte (MB) 2 30 bytes 1,000,000,000 bytes, or 1 Gigabyte (GB) 2 40 bytes 1,000,000,000,000 bytes, or 1 terabyte (TB) 2 50 bytes 1,000,000,000,000,000 bytes, or 1 petabyte (PB) 2 60 bytes 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes, or 1 exabyte (EB) TABLE 2.3 STORAGE MEASUREMENTS (APPROXIMATIONS) You can store the text of more than 1 million books in a memory device about the size of your fist. Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

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