Computer Science
Megabyte
A megabyte (MB) is a unit of digital information storage that is equal to 1,000,000 bytes. It is commonly used to measure the size of files, such as documents, images, and videos, as well as the amount of memory in a computer or other electronic device. One megabyte is equivalent to approximately 1,000 kilobytes or 0.001 gigabytes.
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8 Key excerpts on "Megabyte"
eBook - PDFThe Silicon Web
Physics for the Internet Age
- Michael G. Raymer(Author)
- 2009(Publication Date)
- CRC Press(Publisher)
2.8.1 Bits, Bytes, and Other Units The basic unit of information is the bit. One byte is defined as 8 bits and is abbrevi-ated as B. For example, you might ask a salesperson how much memory a particular memory device has, and the response might be “1,000 bytes.” This is the same as 8,000 bits. When the number of bits is much larger, we use other units—the kilobyte (kB), Megabyte (MB), gigabyte (GB), and terabyte (TB). Recall that according to the standard metric system definitions, 1 the prefix k means 10 3 , M means 10 6 , G means 10 9 , and T means 10 12 . In common computer science usage, however, these symbols are often “misused” to mean 2 10 , 2 20 , 2 30 , and 2 40 , respectively. This usage arose out of the desire to have slang names for these quantities, and because of the near correspondence between the values: 10 3 = 1,000 whereas 2 10 = 1024; 10 6 = 1,000,000 whereas 2 20 = 1,048,576; 10 9 = 1,000,000,000 whereas 2 30 = 1,073,741,824; etc. Throughout this text, we will use the standard base-ten definitions of k, M, G, and T, except where otherwise noted. For example, when we write GB, we mean 10 9 B or 10 9 bytes. THINK AGAIN Given a hard drive that can store 40,000,000,000 bytes, some computer sell-ers might state that it can store 40 GB, whereas another seller using a differ-ent definition for G might state that the same hard drive stores 37.25 GB. THINK AGAIN The word bit is used here in two different ways. Bit can mean a binary digit, 0 or 1. Bit can also mean the basic unit of information. 1 The international standards for the physical sciences and for commerce are set by the International System of Units, abbreviated SI units from the French name Système International d’Unités. Although this system does not mention bits and bytes, it is clear on the meanings of the prefixes k, M, G, and T. Because of the potential confu-sion, a set of new binary prefixes for bits and bytes was introduced in 1998 by the International Electrochemical Commission (IEC).
eBook - ePub- Lisa A. Seidman(Author)
- 2021(Publication Date)
- CRC Press(Publisher)
is 8 bits. One byte is the amount of memory required to store one character. There are kilobytes (about 1000 bytes), Megabytes (about 1 million bytes), gigabytes (about one billion bytes), and terabytes (about one trillion bytes). One kilobyte is roughly equivalent to one page of double-spaced text.- ■ 1 Byte = 8 bits = one character
- ■ 1 kilobyte = 1 KB = about 1,000 bytes = 103 bytes = one thousand bytes
- ■ 1 Megabyte = 1 MB = about 1,000,000 bytes = 106 bytes = one million bytes
- ■ 1 Gigabyte = 1 GB = about 1,000,000,000 bytes = 109 bytes = one billion bytes
- ■ 1 Terabyte = 1 TB = about 1,000,000,000,000 bytes = 1012 bytes = one trillion bytes
Practice Problems-
- 1 TB = ______ GB = ______ MB = ________ KB
- 10 GB = ______ MB
- 100 KB = ______ MB
- If your digital photos on the average require 20 MB:
- How many will fit on a 64 GB memory card?
- How many will fit on a 1 TB memory card?
- Suppose as lab manager you need to back up the laboratory’s data on an external hard drive. Each researcher in the laboratory wants at least 500 GB. There are seven researchers in the laboratory.
- What is the minimum size hard drive that will be sufficient at the moment?
- What is the maximum size external hard drive or other memory device that is available at the time you are reading this text?
eBook - ePubProgramming for Problem-solving with C
Formulating algorithms for complex problems (English Edition)
- Dr. Kamaldeep(Author)
- 2023(Publication Date)
- BPB Publications(Publisher)
1,024 TB2 50 Bytes10 15 BytesPB 1 Exabyte 1,024 PB2 60 Bytes10 18 BytesEB 1 Zettabyte 1,024 EB2 70 Bytes10 21 BytesZB 1 Yottabyte 1,024 ZB2 80 Bytes10 24 BytesYB 1 Brontobyte 1,024 YB2 90 Bytes10 27 BytesBB 1 Geopbyte 1,024 BB2 100 Bytes10 30 BytesGeBTable 2.1: Description of memory units and their relationshipA computer uses words to store information. A word, like a byte, is a defined number of bits that are processed at the same time. The size of the word varies from computer to computer. Like 8-bit, 16-bit, and so on.Solved examples based on the inter-conversion of memory units- How many bytes are in 8MB?Explanation : (8)* (1024)*(1024) bytes8,388,608 bytes.
- How many bits are in 1 gigabyte:
Explanation : (1,024) × (1,024) × (1,024) × 8 bits
- How many bits are in 8 GB?
- 8*210 B
- 8*230 B
- 8* 220 B
- 8*240 B
Answer: b - A 20 GB is equal to
- 20*1,024 MB
- 20*1,024 KB
- 20*1,024 TB
- 20*1,024 bytes
Answer: a - Which of the following represents one billion characters?
- 1 TB
- 1 KB
- 1 MB
- 1 GB
Answer: dExplanation: 1 GB=109 byte = one billion bytes where one byte is equivalent to one character - If one GB equals 230 bytes of data storage, then 1,024 TB equals............. bits of data storage.
- 260
- 253
- 250
- 240
Answer: bExplanation: 1,024 terabytes = 210 *240 *23 Bits=253 bits - If you have a storage device of 16 GB, then how many 32 kilobytes of files can you fit in that device?Explanation: Storage device =16 GBFile size = 32 KBNumber of file can be fit =16 GB/32 KB =(24 *230 )/(25 *210 )=219 files
- 22,000 KB is about how many MB?22,000 KB = 22 MB
- Which of the following is equivalent to 8 GB?
- 223
- 233
- 230
- 228
Answer: bExplanation: 8GB = 23 *230 Bytes=233 Bytes - One person has 1,700 MB of data, and another person B has 1,500 MB of data. Will a pen drive size 4 GB of size hold the data of persons A and B together?Answer:
eBook - ePub- Henry M. Walker(Author)
- 2012(Publication Date)
- Chapman and Hall/CRC(Publisher)
In this system, 00000000 represents the decimal number 0, 00000001 represents the decimal number 1, 00000010 represents the decimal number 2, and so forth. Following this pattern, the largest binary number would be 11111111 or 128 + 64 + … + 2 + 1 (decimal) or 255. Altogether, this approach allows us to store the integers 0 through 255, inclusive, for an 8-bit number or byte; and we can conclude that one byte of data can take on 256 different values. Of course, this range is adequate for some data storage purposes in computers, but not for others. The 8-bit number with a range of 256 alternatives will arise several times later in this chapter and throughout the book.GROUPING DATAIn computing, as well as in other fields of science, it is common to use a prefix to specify the size of a collection of data:- Kilo (K): thousand (or sometimes 1024 = 210 )
- Mega (M): million (or sometimes 1,048,576 = 220 )
- Giga (G): billion (or sometimes 1,073,741,824 = 230 )
- Tera (T): trillion (or sometimes 1,099,511,627,776 = 240 )
Note: In many scientific applications, the terms kilo, mega, giga, and tera refer to powers of 10 (e.g., thousand, million, billion, and trillion, respectively). However, as described in Chapters 2 and 3 , much work in computing uses binary numbers, and sizes are therefore given in powers of 2. As 210 = 1024 is about a thousand, it is common for computing descriptions to write “kilo” for “thousand,” but mean 1024. Similar comments apply to the terms mega, giga, and tera.As binary numbers provide an effective way to represent data in computers, this approach is widely used. Data stored this way is often said to be digital.What other approaches can be used to store data, in addition to “digital” data?
When we first discussed the representation of data in the previous question, we mentioned two main approaches for representing numbers. The first approach, using digital storage, involved binary digits: 0 and 1. In this approach, data (e.g., numbers) were translated into a sequence of 0s and 1s (e.g., the decimal number 77 was represented as the binary number 01001101). Within electrical equipment, a 0 might be translated to a circuit with no voltage or electrical current, and a 1 might be translated to a circuit in which current was flowing or voltage was set above 1.7 volts. This approach is called a digital
eBook - PDFComputer Practice N4 SB
TVET FIRST
- S Sasti, D Sasti(Authors)
- 2021(Publication Date)
- Macmillan(Publisher)
18 Topic 1: Computing concepts and application skills TVET FIRST The size of the memory is measured by the amount of data it can store. The following table provides data measurement terms. Table 1.2: Data measurement Bit = single binary digit (1 or 0) Byte = 8 bits Kilobyte (KB) = 1 024 bytes Megabyte (MB) = 1 024 kilobytes Gigabyte (GB) = 1 024 Megabytes Terabyte (TB) = 1 024 gigabytes Petabyte (PB) = 1 024 terabytes Exabyte (EB) = 1 024 petabytes 1.2.6 Storage hardware Storage hardware is the permanent place for storing data on the computer. This is where you store files such as text, photos, videos, music and software. There are two categories of storage hardware – internal and external. • Internal storage consists of the hard disk drive (HDD) and solid state drive (SSD). • External storage is where you store data outside of the computer. Examples of external storage are external hard drives, flash memory sticks, secure digital (SD) memory cards, CDs/DVDs and magnetic tapes. Internal storage Hard disk drive (HDD) Solid state drive (SSD) Figure 1.40: HDD Figure 1.41: SSDs The HDD is made up of sensitive movable parts that can be damaged easily if used improperly. It is used to store software and all types of data. SSD is a type of internal storage that does not have any movable parts. Its storage process is similar to flash memory. It is also used to store software and all types of data. Size: 512 GB to 16 TB Size: 32 GB to 16 TB network attached storage (NAS) drive: an external HDD that is connected to the network to allow users to store and share files over the network 19 TVET FIRST Module 1: ICT systems and basic PC skills External storage External hard drive Flash memory stick Figure 1.42: External hard drive Figure 1.43: Flash memory sticks An external hard drive is a hard drive that can be attached to the computer externally in order to store data. Some external HDDs can be used as a network attached storage (NAS) drive.
eBook - ePubDictionary of ICT
Information and Communication Technology
- Peter Collin(Author)
- 2015(Publication Date)
- Bloomsbury Information(Publisher)
a medium-sized computer system ■ noun a means of transmitting information (NOTE: The plural is media or mediums .)medium access control /ˌ miː diə m ˌ ækses kə nˈ trə ʊ l/ noun an IEEE 802 standard defining the protocol for data-link-level transmissions. Abbr MAC . data link layermedium frequency /ˌ miɪ diə m ˈ friɪ kwə nsi/ noun the radio frequency range between 300 to 3000KHz (often referred to as medium wave (MW), especially on radio receivers)medium scale integration /ˌ miː diə m skeɪ l ˌ ɪ ntɪ ˈ greɪ ʃ (ə )n/ noun an integrated circuit with 10 – 500 components. Abbr MSImedium speed /ˈ miː diə m spiː d/ noun a data communication speed between 2400 and 9600 bits per second (NOTE: Medium speed transmission describes the maximum rate of transfer for a normal voice grade channel.)medium wave /ˈ miː diə m weɪ v/ noun full form of MWmeg /meg/ noun same as Megabyte (informal) ○ This computer has a ninety-meg hard disk.mega- /megə / prefix one millionmegabit /ˈ megə bɪ t/ noun equal to 1,048,576 bits. Abbr Mbmegabits per second /ˌ megə bɪ ts pɜ ː ˈ sekə nd/ noun a number of million bits transmitted every second. Abbr MbpsMegabyte /ˈ megə baɪ t/ noun a measure of the data capacity of a storage device that is equal to 1,048,576 bytes or 220 bytes. Megabytes are used to measure the storage capacity of hard disk drives or main memory (RAM). Abbr MB‘Doing this reduced a bitmap of my desktop from 2.25 Megabytes to a 58K GIF’ [The Guardian ]mega floating point instructions per second /ˌ megə flə ʊ tɪ ŋ pɔ ɪ nt ɪ n ˌ strʌ kʃ ə nz pɜ ː sɪ ˈ kɒ nd/ noun full form of MFLOPSmegaflop /ˈ megə flɒ p/ noun a measure of computing power and speed equal to one million floating point instructions per second. Abbr MFLOPSmegahertz /ˈ megə ˌ hɜ ː ts/ noun a measure of frequency equal to one million cycles per second. Abbr MHzmegapixel display
- Parsons/Oja/Beskeen/Cram/Duffy, June Jamrich Parsons, David Beskeen, Carol Cram, Jennifer Duffy(Authors)
- 2016(Publication Date)
- Cengage Learning EMEA(Publisher)
In order for a com-puter to understand a sound, it must digitize the informa -tion that makes up the sound. Sound, such as music and speech, is characterized by the properties of a sound wave. An analog sound wave is digitized by sampling it at various points, and then converting those points into digital numbers. The more samples your computer takes, the closer the points come to approximating the full wave pattern. This process of sampling, as shown in FIGURE 4-18 , is how digital recordings, such as the music files on your portable media player, are made. As discussed, a bit is one binary digit, and a byte is eight bits. The word bit can be abbreviated as a lowercase b, and the word byte can be abbreviated as an uppercase B. The terms used to quantify computer data are summarized in TABLE 4-4 . The prefixes kilo-(thousands), mega-(millions), giga-(billions), tera-(trillion), peta- (thousand trillion), exa-(quintillion), and zetta-(sextillion) are used for large amounts of data. Bits and bytes are used in different ways. Data transmission speeds are usually expressed in bits, whereas storage space is usually expressed in bytes. T ypically, kilobytes (KB) are used to T T refer to most common documents, Megabytes (MB) are used to refer to RAM, and gigabytes (GB) are used to refer to hard drive, optical storage media, and solid-state drive capacities. In a smartphone ad, you might notice that it can store up to 64 GB. The Internet data transfer speed for your computer might be listed as 50/50 Mbps to 500/500 Mbps or megabits per second. More about bits and bytes FIGURE 4-18: Digitizing sound To digitize a wave, it is sliced into vertical segments, called samples. For purposes of illustration, this one-second sound wave was sliced into 30 samples. An analog sound wave is a smooth curve of continuous values. FIGURE 4-17: Pixels in an image Each pixel is assigned a binary number based on its color.
- Jim Keogh(Author)
- 2018(Publication Date)
- De|G Press(Publisher)
Regardless of its category, a computer is a box of switches. This is hard to believe, since there is a tendency to think of computers as near-human brains that can solve complex problems at the speed of light. This perception is more science fiction than reality—at least for now—however, artificial intelligence will soon become embedded in computers, giving humans a run for our money. We’ll leave artificial intelligence for a later chapter. For now, let’s see how the box of switches we call a computer really works.A switch has two states: off and on. In Chapter 2 , you saw how each state represents binary digits. Off is 0 and on is 1. One switch limits the size of the number that can be stored to 0 and 1. Larger numbers can be stored by grouping switches into a set. A set of eight switches called a byte (8 bits) can store up to 11111111 (all eight switches turned on). We know this as the decimal number 255. A set of two bytes, referred to as 16-bit, can store up to the decimal number 65,535; four bytes, referred to as 32-bit, can store up to 4,294,967,295; and eight bytes, referred to as 64-bit, can store up to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807.The terms 32-bit and 64-bit probably sound familiar, especially if you are in the market for a computer. Advertisements usually describe a computer as having a 32-bit processor or 64-bit processor. This implies the maximum amount of memory supported by the computer. A 32-bit processor supports a maximum of four gigabytes of memory and a 64-bit processor support memory well over four gigabytes of memory. More about processors and memory and what this means are discussed later in this chapter. For now, simply know that the higher the number of bits, the more data can be stored in memory. One kilobyte of memory is roughly 1,000 bytes; one Megabyte of memory is 1,000 kilobytes; and one gigabyte of memory is roughly 1,000 Megabytes.FractionsBinary digits are whole numbers, not fractions. You can’t position the switch halfway. If you could, the binary number would be 0.5 but that’s impossible. However, fractional numbers (fractions) are represented using two components referred to as floating-point
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