UK Population Distribution

10 Key excerpts on "UK Population Distribution"

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  Economic and Social Geography

  • R. Knowles, J. Wareing(Authors)
  • 2014(Publication Date)
  • Made Simple

    (Publisher)

  PART TWO : POPULATION GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER FIVE POPULATION DISTRIBUTION Until quite recently the systematic study of population had been largely neglected by geographers, in contrast with other fields of human geography such as agriculture, industry and settlement which have a long-established tradition of systematic analysis. However, in recent years there has been a growing awareness of the importance of population studies within the broad framework of human geography. Population geography has rapidly advanced from a peripheral position within the discipline to the stage where it has been claimed that 'numbers, densities and qualities of the population provide an essential background for all geography. Population is the point of reference from which all the other elements are observed and from which they all, singly and collectively, derive significance and meaning. It is population which furnishes the focus.* (G. T. Trewartha) Population geography is concerned with the study of demographic processes and their consequences in an environmental context. It may thus be distin-guished from demography by its emphasis on the spatial variations in the growth, movement and composition of populations, and its concern with the social and economic implications of these variations. The development of the subject has been severely limited by a lack of demographic data for many parts of the world, but, like other branches of geography, it is concerned with description, analysis and explanation, although a large part of the work to date has been concerned with population mapping and descriptive studies, simply in order to establish the data base which must precede analysis. Sources of Population Data One of the most difficult problems facing the population geographer is the varied quality of population data available for different countries and regions of the world.

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  Population Geography

  Pergamon Oxford Geographies

  • John I. Clarke, W. B. Fisher(Authors)
  • 2013(Publication Date)
  • Pergamon

    (Publisher)

  Between a regular dispersed pattern and an uneven nuclear pattern there is a whole gamut of population distributions, responding to a wide range of changing environmental and human influences. Even the most densely peopled regions can contain uninhabited forests, heaths or parks; even very sparsely populated regions may contain oases, mining camps or research stations. Influences upon Population Distribution We cannot subscribe to the purely deterministic viewpoint which holds that natural elements are the controlling factors of population distribution. Physical factors alone will not explain population distribution whether it be in Africa, Argentina, Arkansas or Adelaide; their influence is greater in some places than in others, but everywhere man exercises some control over his habitat. Numerous social, demographic, economic, pohtical and historical factors must be considered, not in isolation, but as interrelated influences upon population distribution. The geographer's task is to explain the diversity of this distribution in terms of all these influences, not merely for a given moment in time, but as an integral part of a dynamic process. Population distribution is ever changing, and cause and effect vary in time and space. O =) CL O CL ϋ_ O > ω UJ Q < O ω Q CO ^1 CVJ 16 Population Geography It is perhaps worth noting that we are concemed here with human groups rather than individuals. It is possible to keep a man alive at the North Pole provided that many other people are prepared to devote themselves to this purpose. Research and strategic stations are maintained in polar regions, in deserts and on mountains, but they are not dependent upon the economies of their immediate environs, only upon the interests of the states which maintain them.

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  An Introduction to Population Geographies

  Lives Across Space

  • Holly R. Barcus, Keith Halfacree(Authors)
  • 2017(Publication Date)
  • Routledge

    (Publisher)

  These include proximity to resources, historical distribution of lands and land tenure issues, transportation systems, distribution of amenities and individual preferences. They are inextricably entangled with the arenas of life course construction outlined in Section 2.3. In South America, for example, the population is not evenly distributed but clustered along the coastlines and a few interior cities, leaving large areas of low population density. Knowing the extensiveness of the Amazon rainforest and the difficulty of living in the Andes mountains, for example, gives immediate physical geographic clues to these spatial patterns, even if these factors alone are unable to explain the full picture. Figure 3.2 World population distribution 2015. Data Source: Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University; United Nations Food and Agriculture Programme (FAO); Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT) 2005; SEDAC. Fortunately, Geographers’ methods to measure population density and distribution have evolved as rapidly as the populations being measured. Censuses (Box 3.2), population registers and surveys that count the number of people who reside in a particular area help production of density measures. Advanced technologies, such as satellite images and aerial photography, can further be employed for population estimation. For example, Rindfuss et al. (2002) utilized Geographic Information Systems and remote sensing to link data about changes in village practices and landscape change in Nang Rong, Thailand. Similarly, Fox (2002) utilized aerial photography and socioeconomic data to assess the multiple dimensions of land change, including the implications of land tenure policies, on land use practices in several villages in northeastern Cambodia

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  Applied Human Geography

  • Rodolfo B. Valdenarro(Author)
  • 2019(Publication Date)
  • Delve Publishing

    (Publisher)

  Population geography studies the aspects of the geography that has been linked with the human beings. Population geography helps the experts in understanding how the geography has changed with the sudden increase on the population all over the world and how these changes will return back to the human beings. When it comes to the aspect of division of populations and demographics, it has been understood that population geography is the best discipline that explains the division of populations with numbers and also explains the effects of the same. 6.1. INTRODUCTION The study of Population geography is basically a subdivision of the Human geography. Population Geography majorly focuses on the studies and observations of the distribution, a location and density of population in a particular area. Along with the above-mentioned factors, the population geography focuses on studying the variations in the size of the population, variations and features such as frameworks, relocations, activity and various other aspects. These are some of the major aspects that are studied in the population geography when compared to the other aspects of the geography. When it comes to the Population Geography, there are two most important areas of research. These two areas of research are those which are of particular interest to the geographers. These aspects are population distribution and migration. Both of these aspects have become so important that they are being studied all over the world and have reached the status of an international dimension. In the current times, there are numerous specialists and geographers who are working together extremely on the concerns of the population. These specialists and geographers are transacting their own point of views with the other individuals.

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  Population Geography

  • Rodolfo B. Valdenarro(Author)
  • 2020(Publication Date)
  • Delve Publishing

    (Publisher)

  Furthermore, Population geography had been earlier defined as a discipline of geography that research on human population distribution over the mundane surface. Geography is responsible for the facts and phenomena distribution over the earth’s surface. In a more palpable sense, geography can be described as the study of the earth’s surface and of any occurrences that affect it mutually. Similar to many other fields, Population Geography has also had a pre-scientific phase as long as the history of human beings. People have always been curious of their neighbors, their neighbor’s organization, or structure, as well as what to fear or expect from the lot. Discovery of America, as well as the eighteenth and nineteenth-century explorations, enabled us to become aware of the actuality of some ignored cultures and towns. As time went by, the study and observation of diverse populations occupying the earth, as well as their organization in terms of living and exploiting their respective territories paved the way for the unearthing of multiple scientific disciplines including human geography . It was also argued Introduction to Key Concepts of Population Geography 9 that population geographers must be involved in the concoction of census among any other conventional population data assemblage in a bid to ensure that appropriate and versatile spatial systems are adopted and employed. It was put across that in most countries, specifically in Asian countries, the adopted systems didn’t enable data availability for spatial denominations which are economically, environmentally, and socially meaningful. Ecology is the study of a live entity in its natural environment. In their state of living, human beings are unwrapped in a definite natural ambiance, for which their natural ecology exists. However, unlike in the case of other species, bonds presented between human beings and their means aren’t definite.

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  Population and Society

  An Introduction to Demography

  • Dudley L. Poston, Jr., Leon F. Bouvier(Authors)
  • 2010(Publication Date)
  • Cambridge University Press

    (Publisher)

  11 Population Distribution INTRODUCTION Whether looking at the planet Earth, or at Africa or the United States, it is clear that the population is far from being equally distributed around the world. The spatial demographer Mark Fossett has written that “structured patterns in spatial distribution are evident from the highest levels of macrospatial scale . . . to ‘fine-grained’ patterns in metropolitan areas . . . and nonmetropolitan hinterlands” (2005: 479). Most know that China’s population numbers more than 1.3 billion, and the population of the United States is just over 300 million. However, many may not be aware that China and the United States are very close in geographic size; China has 9.6 million square kilometers of surface area compared to the United States with 9.8 million square kilometers. But the populations in both countries are not distributed randomly. Most of the people in both countries live in the eastern regions. Figures 11.1 and 11.2 are nighttime satellite maps of the United States and China and illustrate well the uneven distribution of the population in the two countries. In some countries, people are more likely to be rural than urban dwellers. Generally, however, there is an urbanization movement through- out the world: “Without question, the dominant feature of spatial distribu- tion in the United States and other developed countries is the concentration of population in densely settled urban areas” (Fossett, 2005: 479). For that matter, the way in which cities have evolved is a quite interesting phe- nomenon. In this chapter, we examine how the inhabitants of the world are distributed, and how most of us are becoming city dwellers rather than cave dwellers, as was the case thousands of years ago. DISTRIBUTION OF THE POPULATION OF PLANET EARTH Only about one-third of the earth’s land is permanently inhabited. Areas such as the Arctic and the Antarctic, as well as the vast deserts such as 301

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  Historical Geography of England and Wales

  • Robert A. Dodgshon, Robin A. Butlin(Authors)
  • 2013(Publication Date)
  • Academic Press

    (Publisher)

  The resultant pattern of population distribution is more complex and reflects varying regional responses to both industrial change and the emergence of a more diversified economy in which building, transport and services of all kinds were growing more rapidly than manufacturing. Many of the features associated with the economic and population trends of the twentieth century were already present from the 1880s: the pull of the coalfields was giving way to the attraction of the large ports and the major urban markets; greater regional concentration of industry in large production units continued to shift the centre of gravity of population north and west; there was a reversal of internal migration and a growing movement of people to the Midlands and south accelerating the countrywide movement to Greater London—'the drift to Population and Society 1730-1914 303 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION Persons per 1000 acres 1600 ar^d over 800 -1599 400 - 799 200 - 399 100 - 199 0 - 99 Persons per ¿00 hectares 6L9 and over 3 2 4 -6 4 8 162-323 Ψ_ΎΜ 82 -161 Mffl 40 -81 O -40 200 200 Fig. 11.4. Population distribution in England and Wales, 1801, 1851 and 1911. The density of population is shown for registration districts. Based upon the Census of Great Britain, 1851 and the Census of England and Wales, 1911. the south-east'—which was a marked feature of regional population trends in Britain from the later nineteenth century.^^ Regional analysis of natural and migrational components of population change becomes more secure from the 1840s with the more detailed censuses from 1841 and civil registration of vital events from 1837, despite under-registration of births up to mid-Victorian times. Estimates of net migration from a comparison of registered births and deaths with census figures of total change, show regional and intra-t ó m e detail ft-om 1841 (Fie. 11.5).^^ The dominant regional population trends in some 304 R. Lawton TOTAL CHANGE 1851-1911 ? Km 100 Fig. 11.5.

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  Focus On People and Migration

  • NA NA(Author)
  • 2016(Publication Date)
  • Palgrave Macmillan

    (Publisher)

  A second group comprises areas with an above-average proportion of blue-collar workers or a previous history of such work, such as some of the South Wales valley districts and Outer East London Boroughs (Map 6.6). Ward level Table 6.7 shows the wards with the highest and lowest proportions of residents who had changed address within the UK in the year prior to the 2001 Census. Keele ward tops the list, with nearly two out of every three residents having moved from another address in the UK in the previous year. This is due to a large proportion of housing in this ward being student accommodation. The other nine wards in the top ten also contain student accommodation such as halls of residence. At the other extreme, in Lissan ward in Cookstown barely one in 40 residents was new to their census-time address. Not surprisingly, given the district-level results, all but one of these lowest ten were in Northern Ireland. The exception was in East Dunbartonshire, Scotland. Population redistribution produced by within-UK migration With around one in ten people changing address each year, migration has the potential to cause big shifts in population distribution. To a large extent, people moving in to areas replace the people leaving. In many cases, the types of people moving in are similar to those moving out or, at least, have similar characteristics to those of the previous residents when they originally moved in to the area. Nevertheless there are also some important cases where migration is producing shifts in the geographical distribution of the population or is altering the population profiles of certain areas in the short or longer term. This section focuses primarily on the two main spatial dimensions of net within- UK migration (that is, inflow minus outflow), namely what have long been dubbed the 'North- South drift' and the 'urban-rural shift'.

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  Population Change in the United Kingdom

  • Tony Champion, Jane Falkingham, Tony Champion, Jane Falkingham(Authors)
  • 2016(Publication Date)
  • Rowman & Littlefield Publishers

    (Publisher)

  Chapter 8 Internal Migration and the Spatial Distribution of Population Tony Champion

  This chapter examines the changing spatial distribution of the UK population and the drivers of this, with a particular focus on internal migration. In doing this, it compares the latest trends with those of the 1970s and 1980s documented by Champion (1989) in Joshi’s book. It is able to identify elements of both continuity and change. Back then, the key themes were seen as the North-South divide, the exodus from the cities and the inner-city problem, all associated to some extent with increasing social polarization. That review had also felt the need to start by justifying the inclusion of a chapter devoted to sub-national patterns as well as bewailing the inadequacy of data on local area populations, especially as it had been written eight years after the most recent Census—a period of great turbulence following the recovery from the 1980–1981 recession and the various shocks instigated by Thatcherism.

  A quarter of a century on, there is no need to make the case for examining regional and local variations, not least given the devolution trend under New Labour and the subsequent focus on localism and for combined-authority agreements in England. There have also been some substantial improvements in the scope and quality of data relevant to this chapter, especially on migration, traditionally the least well measured of the demographic components. As regards the principal dimensions of spatial redistribution, the North-South divide is still a source of national concern, but the drivers of this have changed, as shown in the next section. Secondly, although there is still net migration out of cities, there has been a major urban recovery since the 1980s, with city-centre population growth tending to upstage inner-city issues. In the third section, the chapter probes a newly recognized development concerning the declining frequency with which most types of people are moving home, which is becoming more apparent now that four decades of data are available.

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  The Methods and Materials of Demography

  • Henry S. Shryock, Jacob S. Siegel(Authors)
  • 2013(Publication Date)
  • Academic Press

    (Publisher)

  In the 1970 census program, 278 Block Statistics Reports were published for urbanized areas or for selected areas specified by local authorities. Conclusions. — We think of geographic factors as being relatively stable and unchanging. And yet this section has reported a picture of continuous change over the last few decades in the ways developed for presenting data on the geographic distribution of population in the United States. The next chapter describes still further changes. With a highly developed, expanding economy and a highly mobile population, the significant classifications for examining population dis-tribution cannot remain static if they are to be functionally adequate. And yet some degree of comparability of classifica-tion used in successive decades must be maintained to afford a basis of revealing trends and permitting historical analyses. This is an ever present dilemma in the planning of population censuses, which faces statistical agencies in other countries as well. If there were no changes made, the concepts and definitions would increasingly fail to describe the current situation. If each census were planned afresh, with no regard to what had been done in the past, there would be no basis for studying trends. An intermediate alternative is to introduce improvements, but in the year they are introduced to make at least some data available on both the old and the new basis. This is the policy the Census Bureau adopted with respect to several changes introduced in 1950. In the case of other changes where such a procedure is not feasible, the Cur-rent Population Survey has been used not only to pretest the feasibility of new proposals, but also to provide a basis for linking the old and the new classifications. POPULATION DENSITY The density of population is a simple concept much used in studies relating population size to resources and in ecological studies. This simple concept has a number of pitfalls, however; some of which are discussed below.

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